Salamandra

In 1957, a flame propagating in a long tube under conditions resulting in a deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) was given the name "tulip" by Salamandra et al. [7]. This term was subsequently commonly applied in detonation studies to describe this typical shape [8,9]. Figure 5.3.2 shows a few... 

Comparison between tulips, (a) Image of an actual tulip flower that has been rotated and sized for comparison (b) the tulip shape noted by Salamandra et al. [7] in flames on their transition to detonation and (c) the inverted flame shape identified by Ellis and Wheeler [5] in closed tubes that is now being called a tulip flame. The image to the right is simply a negative of that to its left. 

Salamandra, G.D., Bazhenova, T.V., and Naboko, I.M., Formation of detonation wave during combustion of gas in combustion tube. Seventh Symposium (International) on Combustion, Butterworths, London, pp. 851-855, 1959. 

Shekhter (1959), 417-28 (Transition of combustion to detonation in gases) 5) G.D. Salamandra et al, Formation of Detonation Wave During Combustion of Gas in Combustion Tube , 7thSympCombstn(1959), pp 851-55 6) Andreev Belyaev (i960),... 

Samandarin, molecular formula C19H31NO2, is the major steroidal alkaloid of the skin glands of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), and is extremely toxic. The toxicides of samandarin include muscle convulsions, raised blood pressure and hyperventilation. 

The European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) and the alpine salamander (Salamandra atra) are the only amphibians known to contain samandarine alkaloids. These are the only two species in this genus. The proposal that extracts of the brilliant black and yellow Australian myobatrachid frog Pseudophryne corroboree contained samandarine alkaloids (52) has proved to be incorrect, and this and other frogs of the genus Pseudophryne instead contain pumiliotoxins and pseudophrynamines (see Sections III,C and VII, A). The major alkaloids of Salamandra salamandra are samandarine, samandarone, and 0-acetylsamandarine. There do not... 

Steroid alkaloids have been isolated from four families of terrestrial plant sources Solanaceae Uliaceae yipognaceae and Buxaceae) two animal sources Salamandra and PhjUobates and several marine sources. Steroid alkaloids can be classified based on stmcture and fall into a variety of categories. The spkosolanes contain a Q21 cholestane skeleton with a C20 spkoaminoketal moiety, as exemplified by the most abundant members of this class, veramine... 

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