Salacia reticulata

A novel 13-membered ring thiocyclitol (214), isolated from Salacia reticulata Wight (family Hippocrateaceae), showed promising a-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 maltase, 0.227 /tM sucrase, 0.186 //M isomaltase, 0.099 however, it did not inhibit a-amylase from porcine pan-... 

Yoshikawa M, Shimoda H, Nishida N, Takada M, Matsuda H. (2002) Salacia reticulata and its polyphenolic constituents with lipase inhibitory and lipolytic activities have mild antiobesity effects in rats. J Nutr 132 1819-1824. 

Karunanayake EH, Sirimanne SR. (1985) Mangiferin from the root bark of Salacia reticulata. J Ethnopharm 13 227-228. 

Ozaki S, Oe H, Kitamura S. (2008) a-Glucosidase inhibitor from Kothala-himbutu (Salacia reticulata Wight). J Nat Prod 71 981-984. 

Oe H, Ozaki S. (2008) Hypoglycemic effect of 13-membered ring thiocy-clitol, a novel a-glucosidase inhibitor from Kothala-himbutu Salacia reticulata). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72 1962-1964. 

L. Sim, K. Jayakanthan, S. Mohan, R. Nasi, B. D. Johnston, B. M. Pinto, and D. R. Rose, New glucosidase inhibitors from ayurvedic herbal treatment for type 2 diabetes Structures and inhibition of human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase with compounds from Salacia reticulata, Biochemistry, 49... 

Yoshikawa, M, Murakami, T, Shimada, H, Matsuda, H, Yamahara, J, Tanabe, G, Muraoka, O, Salacinol, potent antidiabetic principle with unique thiosugar sulfonium sulfate structure from the ayurvedic traditional medicine Salacia reticulata in Sri Lanka and India, Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 8367-8370, 1997. 

Yoshikawa, M, Murakami, T, Yashiro, K, Matsuda, H, Kotalanol, a potent a-glucosidase inhibitor with thiosugar sulfonium sulfate stmcture, from antidiabetic A3mrvedic medicine Salacia reticulata, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 46, 1339-1340, 1998. 

An interesting thiosugar, salacinol 45, containing sulfur atoms in two different oxidation states was isolated and found to be the active principle of the Indian plant Salacia reticulata which is used in local traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes [96]. The compound was shown to be a potent inhibitor of intestinal a-glucosidases comparable in its activity with the powerful aminosugar derivative acarbose [97]. Kotalanol (46), a chain-extended homolog of salacinol, was discovered around the same time [98]. 

Recently, a new class of glucosidase inhibitors with an inner-salt sulfonium-sulfate was isolated from Salacia reticulata, a plant traditionally used in India and Sri Lanka for the treatment of diabetes (Fig. 9) [97-100]. 

Fig. 9 Structures of bioactive thiosugar-derived sulfonium salts from Salacia reticulata...

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