Safrole cinnamon

Sassafras, nutmeg, mace, star anise, cinnamon. Safrole ... 

Safrole is a mutagenic and animal carcinogenic monoterpenoid. It is the major component of oil of sassafras, and lesser quantities occur in essential oils from cinnamon, mace, nutmeg, and star anise. Some of its known or possible metabolites have mutagenic activity in bacteria and it has weak hepatocarcinogenic effects in rodents. Experiments in mice have suggested the possibility of transplacental and lactational carcinogenesis. 

Safrol Aniseed oil, camphor, cinnamon oil, nutmeg, ginger, cocoa, pepper... 

Safrole, a- and j8-asarone, isosafrole, and anethole extracted from alcoholic beverages and essential oils (e.g., sassafras, nutmeg, and cinnamon) were baseline resolved on a C g column (A = 290nm, ex 325 run, emor310nm, ex 3SSnm, em) using a 45/55 acetonitrile/water mobile phase [1258]. Elution was complete in <10 min and a quantitation limit of 0.4ng/pL was reported. 

The Olefinic Substrates The highly iso-regioselective hydroformylation of allyl- or propenylarenes (phenylpropanoids) gives aldehydes with numerous applications in flavors and perfumes. Several 2-aryl-prop-1-enes required as substrates can be extracted from natural sources in a rather pure form (Figure 6.8). For example, eugenol, with its typical spicy, clove like aroma, can be isolated from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil, and bay leaf. Safrol (shikimol) is isolated from sassafras plants and has a typical sweet-shop aroma. Estragole (methyl chavicol) is produced from basil oil and chavicol from betel oil. 

This oil is distilled from the bark of Massoia aromatica, a tree found in New Guinea, in which it occurs to the extent of 6 to 8 per cent Woy, who investigated the oil, states that it contains a considerable quantity of eugenol, with some safrol, a body resembling creosote, and traces of free acetic acid. It is however, doubtful, whether the so-called massoi bark of commerce ever consists of one kind of bark only. It is possible that the principal compound of the commercial bark is that of a species of cinnamon. He also claimed that it contains a terpene not identical with any already known hydrocarbon. Wallach has, however, shown that this body is a mixture of the terpenes pinene and limonene, with perhaps, some dipentene. The oil is a clear yellow liquid of dove-like odour of specific gravity 1 040 to 1 065, and refractive index about 1 5400. 

C. verum cinnamon bark oil contains as its major component cinnamic aldehyde (usually 60-80%) other major constituents include sesquiterpenoids (4-5%) (e.g., a-humulene and P-caryophyllene that make up 3-4% of the total, limonene, and others), eugenol, eu-genol acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol, methyl eugenol, benzaldehyde, cu-minaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, monoterpenes (e.g., linalool, pinene, phellandrene, and cym-ene), carophyllene, safrole, and others (list AND horhammer MASADA RAVINDRAN). °... 

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