Safety-significant acts

Would it have lessened the effectiveness of the irrvestigation if the actions shown in the diagram in Figure 3.6 had been labelled as safety-significant acts Ultimately the investigation concluded, in Other Finding 5, that ... 

The author has taken the liberty of slightly modifying the traditional depiction of latent and active failures. The changing of unsafe acts to safety-significant acts does not appear to degrade the understanding of this often-used and valued diagram. 

Early in the development of the railroad industry, there were few uniform equipment standards. The first significant federal safety regulation was the Safety Appliance Act of 1893, which required the use of the Westinghouse Brake and Janney Couplers. Other federal legislation was passed in the early 1900s. Among the contributions of those laws were to ... 

U.S. regulatory agency that protects the public against unreasonable risks of injuries or deaths associated with consumer products. The CPSC investigates products to determine if they pose a fire, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard, or can injure children. They have estimated that their evaluations have significantly contributed to a 30 percent decline in the rate of death and injury associated with consumer products over the last 30 years. See also Consumer Products Safety Act of 1972 Consumer Products Safety Improvement Act of 2008. 

When a safety significant event is identified, an attempt is made to deteimine why the event happened. Was it the result of an unsafe condition (latent failure) or an unsafe act (active failure) The active failure(s) may stem from an unsafe condition(s). The investigators drill down imtil no other items remain (the last underlying factor). An example of a sequence of events diagram is given in Figure 3.3. 

APIOOO SSCs acting as flood barriers provide adequate segregation of safety-significant SSCs in the event of the worst case internal flood. 

Formaldehyde has been rated as a possible carcinogen by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) rules and should be handled with due caution. It is also a strong lacrymator and choking respiratory irritant. It irritates the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes [76]. Since it is used for tanning leather, it is obvious that fonnaldehyde has a high potential for reactions with proteins. Formaldehyde gas is flammable and most formalin solutions contain significant amounts of methanol, which is also volatile, toxic, and flammable. 

Gas control is required, because the vapor phase of gasoline components in an unsaturated zone can pose a significant health and safety threat. The gas control and safety concern are discussed in another chapter. Some of the remedial technologies presented in subsequent sections of this chapter can also act as gas control measures. 

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