Safety diagnosis

Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation (KISTC). 2012. Manual for detail guideline of safety inspection and Precision safety diagnosis (Cut slope). RD-12-E6-021.163 pp. (in Korean). 

Bernhardt, U., Hoyos, C.G. Hauke, G., Psychological safety diagnosis, Journal of Occupational Accidents, 1984, 6, pp. 61-70. 

To convey an impression of the diversity of the decisions demanded of employees when they find themselves in situations involving risk, we shall quote a few pertinent questions from the Safety Diagnosis Questionnaire, which has been developed as an instrument for assessing the status of safety in a given workshop or factory (Hoyos, 1983) (Table 4.5). 

Decisions in safety-critical situations (from Safety Diagnosis Questionnaire,... 

In order to describe the potential dangers inherent to IR more precisely, we have analyzed the work done by an IR programmer in a car manufacturing plant, using a behaviorally oriented method of safety diagnosis (Hoyos Strobel, 1985). 

We have decided not to review empirical results on these types of procedures in detail but rather to concern ourselves with principles, recommendations, and some illustrative material. Because the procedures have been collected and grouped as a consequence of and in connection with making safety diagnoses of socio-technical systems, we shall start with safety diagnosis and then derive procedures from diagnostic data. 

It seems superfluous to say that each intervention should be based on a careful diagnosis of the given system with respect to safety. Such diagnoses have, however, seldom been made. A proposal for a safety diagnosis instrument presented in 1974 by Tuttle et al. has not been adopted for use in practice as far as we know. Accident prevention has profited greatly from an analysis of accidents (see Chapter 3). However, preventive research is also necessary, so that hazards and dangers which have not yet led to accidents can be identified. These considerations led us to develop an instrument suitable for a... 

Titles of chapter Safety Diagnosis Questionnaire (SDQ) (Bernhardt et 1985) titles of chapters and samples of Safety Elements ... 

HOW CAN A SAFETY EXPERT DERIVE INTERVENTIONS EROM A SAFETY DIAGNOSIS ... 

When applying this method, these assignments can be used to determine whether deficits in safety are primarily a question of work design, training or motivation, and to plan interventions accordingly. This can be done on different levels, on the basis of a safety diagnosis. 

Equipment Failures Safety system Ignition Sources Furnaces, Flares, Incinerators, Vehicles, Electrical switches. Static electricity, Hot surfaces. Cigarettes Human Failures Omission, Commission, Fault diagnosis. Decisions Domino Effects Other containment failures. Other material release External Conditions Meteorology, Visibility... 

If the pattern does not fit into an immediately identifiable pattern, the process worker may then consciously apply more explicit "if-then" rules to link the various symptoms with likely causes. Three alternative outcomes are possible from this process. If the diagnosis and the required actions are very closely linked (because this situation arises frequently) then a branch to the Execute Actions box will occur. If the required action is less obvious, then the branch to the Select/Formulate Actions box will be likely, where specific action rules of the form "if situation is X then do Y" will be applied. A third possibility is that the operating team are unable or imwilling to respond immediately to the situation because they are uncertain about its implications for safety and/or production. They will then move to the Implications of plant state box. 

Another approach uses a synthesis of RCTs and naturalistic studies, while addressing the limitations of both (Simon et al, 1995b Hotopf et al, 1996). In such studies the treatment setting is routine primary-care clinical practice selection criteria are limited to those affecting safety and treatment is normal , i.e. provided under conditions where differences in clinical practice and patient behaviour can emerge freely. However, participants are randomized to initial treatment, and accurate diagnosis and baseline assessments are recorded. This approach is... 

Treatment should begin as early as possible in patients with a diagnosis of AD.30 Figure 32-2 provides a recommended treatment algorithm for AD.31 Patients should be switched to another ChE inhibitor from their initial ChE inhibitor if they show an initial lack of efficacy initially respond to treatment, but lose clinical benefit or experience safety/tolerability issues. This switch should not be attempted until the patient has been on a maximally tolerated dose for a period of 3 to 6 months. The switch should also be based on realistic expectations of the patient and/or caregiver.32 ChE inhibitor therapy should be discontinued in patients who experience poor tolerance or compliance, who show a lack of clinical improvement after 3 to 6 months at optimal dosing, who continue to deteriorate at the pretreatment rate, or who demonstrate dramatic clinical deterioration following initiation of treatment.33... 

In as much as products for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease cover the spectrum of practically all dosage forms and, thus, require the same pharmaceutical sciences for their development, in this chapter we discuss the entire scope of considerations involved in the development of ophthalmic products, ranging from regulatory and compendial requirements, through physicochemical, safety, and efficacy considerations, to a discussion of types of dosage forms currently used by the medical practitioner. 

Schmidt, C. U., andH. Schuler (1992). "On-Line Diagnosis During Polymer Production for Safety and Quality Control." DECHEMA Monogr., 4, 295-303. 

Fig. 1. An overview of the DCLD tier/triage flow chart Boxes 1, 2, and 3 are taken from the Office of Device Evaluation decision tree, which is routinely used to determine whether a product can be reviewed as a 510(k) and found substantially equivalent to a predicate (currently marked) device or whether the product must be handled as a fundamentally new product and submitted to a PMA review. Box 4 determines the novelty of the product in terms of analyte, matrix, and/or technology. If new issues of safety and effectiveness are raised, a highly novel product might require review as a PMA. If the issues of safety and effectiveness are not new but require high-level scrutiny, then a tier III review is warranted. Examples of products requiring a tier III review would include 1. Analyte troponin for diagnosis of MI (with creatinine kinase as the predicate) 2. Matrix sweat patches for drugs of abuse (with urine drugs of abuse tests as the predicate) and 3. Technology nucleic acid...

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