Saccharomyces pastorianus

Yoshimoto, H., Eujiwara, D., Momma, T., Ito, C, Sone, H., Kaneko, Y., Tamai, Y. (1998) Characterization of the ATEl and Lg-ATFl genes encoding alcohol acetyltransferases in the bottom fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 86, 15-20. 

Figure 5.1 Description of Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis TUM 34/70, a bottom-fermenting lager yeast strain, in terms of fermentation parameters, beer-quality parameters, and aroma.

Large cell formations or large star-like clusters are not formed by aU Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, however. Most Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used to produce altbier and kolsch as well as certain ale strains form only very small cell clusters consisting of one to four cells. These are often very difficult to differentiate from Saccharomyces pastorianus lager strains, especially when they appear close together. Additional characteristics differentiating BF and TF yeast are as follows ... 

Contamination by all relevant Saccharomyces sensu stricto species can be detected directly in Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis brewing yeast containing beer or starter cultures with the exception of Saccharomyces bayanus/eubayanus/ pastorianus contaminations. For this specific problem, an additional quantitative approach, which is shown in Figure 5.6, can be implemented. 

Figure 5.8 Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis TUM 34/70 in a Thoma cellcounting chamber, which is counted following the arrows over 16 small grid squares.

Figure 5.9 Microscopic picture of Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsber-gensis TUM 34/70 cells stained with DAPI (blue, living cells) and propidium iodide (red to purple, dead cells).

Dunn, B., Sherlock, G. (2008). Reconstruction of the genome origins and evolution of the hybrid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus. Genome Research, 18, 1610-1623. 

Hutzler, M., Geiger, E., Jacob, F. (2010). Use of PCR-DHPLC (Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high performance liquid chromatography) for the rapid differentiation of industrial Saccharomyces pastorianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 116, 464-474. 

Josepa, S., GuiUamon, J. M., Cano, J. (2000). PCR differentiation of Saccharomyces cere-visiae from Saccharomyces bayanus/Saccharomyces pastorianus using specific primers. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 193, 255-259. 

Rainieri, S., Kodama, Y., Kaneko, Y., Mikata, K., Nakao, Y., Ashikari, T. (2006). Pure and mixed genetic lines of Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces pastorianus and their contribution to the lager brewing strain genome. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72, 3968-3974. 

Bioautography vs. Saccharomyces pastorianus subsp. arbignensis ATCC 2366 Rf... 

Bioautography vs. Saccharomyces pastorianus R f (estimated from drawing)... 

Whole-cell -D-fructofuranosidase from Saccharomyces pastorianus entrapped in spherical agar pellets can be used for the inversion of sucrose in a complete-mixing reactor, demonstrating that it is not necessary to isolate or to purify an enzyme before immobilization. Up to 25% of the enzymic activity was retained when tomato /3-D-fructofuranosidase was immobilized either by embedding it in polyacrylamide gel or by adsorbing it onto carboxymethylcellulose. Substrates did not release the enzyme from either of the carriers neither was the adsorbed enzyme released at pH values <5. No changes were observed in the pH optimum on embedding the enzyme in polyacrylamide gel, and the values for the embedded and adsorbed enzymes towards sucrose were 1.4 x and 6.9 X 10 mol 1 , respectively. 

Saccharomyces pastorianus Saccharomyces aceti Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... 

Saccharomyces steineri Saccharomyces norbensis Saccharomyces pastorianus ... 

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