S lichens

Graham-Brown, R.A.C., Sarkany, I., Sherlock, S. Lichen planus and primary bihary cirrhosis. Brit. J. Dermatol. 1982 106 699 - 703... 

The reaction has been modified to provide a synthesis of methyl (R,S)-lichen-sterinic acid (9) from methyl a-ketopalmitate (7). ... 

C20H22N2O4, Mr 354.41, rectangular prisms, mp. 190-220°C, [a] j +12.5°. A piperazinedione derivative with a bitter taste from the dyer s lichen Roccella fuciformis. 

C2SH32N4O4, Mr 488.59, cryst., mp. 320 °C, [a] -92°. A cyclic peptide from the dyer s lichens Roccella canariensis and R. vicentina. 

Huneck, S. Lichen Substances. In L. Reinhold and Y. Liwschitz (eds.). Progress in Phytochemistry, Vol. 1, p.223. London-New York-Sydney Interscience Publ. 1968. 

Frykholm, K. O., Frithiof, L. Fernstrom, A. I. B., Moberger, G., Blohm, S. G. and Bjorn, E. Allergy to Copper Derived from Dental Alloys as a Possible Cause of Oral Lesions of Lichen Planus Acta Dermatovenerol, 49, 268-81 (1969)... 

Acitretine ch3o x x Oral 0.25-1.0 mg/kg/d Psoriasis (erythrodermic, pustular, and severe recalcitrant) Palmoplantar keratoderma pustulosis palmoplantaris, icthyosis, Darier s disease, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen ruber planus... 

Jaakkola T, Hakanen M, Keinonen M, et al. 1977. Plutonium and americium in the food chain lichen-reindeer-man. Springfield, VA U.S. Department of Commerce. 

The natural dyes industry was also a large, sophisticated, and worldwide employer. Master dyers made a wide range of reasonably fast colors and handed down secret dye recipes to their apprentices. Europe s two staple dyes were madder red from the Mediterranean and indigo blue from India. Other natural dyes included violet from lichens dark red from the forget-me-not family brown from African aloe plants and black from tumorlike... 

F. De Angelis, R. Ceci, R. Quaresima, S. Reale, A. Di Tullio, Investigation by solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of secondary metabolites in lichens deposited on stone monuments, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 17, 526 531 (2003). 

Fig. 3 Experiment 1 Test of co-existence in vitro between bryophyte shoots and lichen thalli. The histograms indicate the percentage of newly formed filaments in cultures obtained by regeneration in the presence of Cladonia thalli after the first week, compared to control (100%) in water or Mohr. The results represent the average calculated from about 200 shoots for each species. SD was not more than 13%. (modified from Giordano S., et. al Cryptogamie, Bryoi. 20(1) 35-41, 1999).

Giordano, S., Basile, A., Lanzetta, R., Corsaro, M. M., Spagnuolo, V. and Castaldo Cobianchi, R. (1997). Potential allelochemicals from the lichen Cladonia foliacea and their in vitro effects on the development of mosses. Allelopathy Journal 4 89-100. 

Richardson, D.H.S., P.J. Beckett, and E. Nieboer. 1980. Nickel in lichens, bryophytes, fungi and algae. Pages 367-406 in J.O. Nriagu (ed.). Nickel in the Environment. John Wiley, NY. 

The vegetation becomes sparse at the high plateau over 400-500 m above sea level (a.s.l.). The surface coverage is mainly less than 10%. The short grown mosses are predominant. They occupy the depressions with shallow soil accumulation. Lichens... 

N. L. Rhodus, B. Cheng, S. Myers, L. Miller, V. Ho and F. Ondrey, The feasibility of monitoring NF-kappaB associated cytokines TNF-alpha, IF-1 alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in whole saliva for the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus. Mol. Carcinog., 2005, 44(2), 77. 

Gorouhi F, Solhpour A, Beitollahi JM, Afshar S, Davari P, Hashemi P, Nassiri Kashani M, Firooz A. (2007) Randomized trial of pimecrolimus cream versus triamcinolone acetonide paste in the treatment of oral lichen planus. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 806-813. 

Huneck, S. (1999) The significance of lichens and their metabolites. Naturwissenschaften, 86, 559-70. 

Die Hydrolyse von l-Alkyl-2,l,3-benzothia(selena)diazolium-pikraten liefert die leicht zersetz-lichen 2-Alkylamino-aniline in sehr guter Ausbeute (s. a. S. 224), die als Rohprodukte in 98%iger Ameisensaure aufgenommen und umgesetzt werden225. 

Eine Umwandlung von Alkyl- und Aryl-magnesiumhalogeniden in primare Amine in zwei Stufen kann mit dem aus Triethoxy-methan und Benzolsulfonsaure-amid leicht zugang-lichen N-Benzolsulfonyl-formimidsaure-ethylester vorgenommen werden das in der ersten Stufe unter zweifacher C-Substitution erhaltene N-Benzolsulfonyl-Derivat des Amins wird dann in ublicher Weise (s.S. 1194 sowie Bd.XI/1, S.941) zum freien Amin gespalten2. 

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