S-Acetyl-glutathione

Nine solvent systems have been selected as most effective for use in separating and detecting the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, their hydrolysis products, S-acetyl glutathione, asparagine, glutamine, hydroxyphenylalanine, and all of the better known amino acids except hydroxyproline. 

The Rf values obtained on glutathione, its derivatives, and S-acetyl glutathione with these solvents are shown in Table I. Five solvent mixtures— NBAW, TBFW, NBFW, ETBFW, and PrW—provide adequate separation and detection of the imide derivatives of the reduced forms of glutathione and its hydrolysis products. These systems separate any two... 

Exchange of Radioactive Glutathione with S-Acetyl Glutathione ... 

Thiol conjugation Epoxides Glutathione S-transferases (glutathione or N-acetylcysteine) Glutathione or N-acetyl cysteine thioethers... 

The enzyme is specific for thiol esters of the type of S-acetyl and S-butyryl glutathione. Besides the three thiol esters already discussed, ethyl thiol-acetate, butyl thiolacetate, acetyl thioglycolic acid, acetyl mercapto propionic acid, S-acetyl-2 mercaptoethanol, acetyl thiomalic, acetyl coenzyme A, and butjryl coenzyme A were inactive with the purified enzyme. Crude extracts of liver attacked butyl thiolacetate and acetyl coenzyme A slowly. 

Glutathione also decreased the binding of a metabolite of isopropylhydrazine to microsomal protein by 50%. A glutathione conjugate was isolated and purified as described for S-acetyl-... 

The principal mercapturic acid derivative, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl-)L-cysteine, and other related metabolites are derived from the conjugation reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with glutathione, a molecule present in mammalian cells. This suggests that the primary pathway of... 

Van Bladeren PJ, Breimer DD, Van Fluijgevoort JA, et al. 1981. The metabolic formation of N-acetyl-S-2-hydroxyethyl-L-cysteine from tetradeutero-1,2-dibromoethane. Relative importance of oxidation and glutathione conjugation in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 30 2499-2502. 

Weber, G.L., Steenwyk, R.C., Nelson, S.D. Pearson, PG. (1995) Identification of V-acetyl-cysteine conjugates of l,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane evidence for cytochrome P450 and glutathione mediated bioactivation pathways. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 8, 560-573... 

Intestinal monoamine oxidase (MAO) metabolizes drugs such as sumatriptan,31 phenylephrine,32 and other amine-containing drugs. A number of hydrolytic and phase II enzymes, such as acetyl transferases, glutathione-S-transferases, methyl transferases, sulfo transferases, and UDP-glucuronosyl transferases, are also present in the intestinal mucosa (see Table 2.2). The amounts of metabolic enzymes decrease... 

Cytosol easy to use, cheap addition of cofactors (simple mixtures), Only not membrane-bound metabolizing enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenases, sulfotransferases, glutathione S transferase, N-acetyl transferases partial metabolic profile, induction not modeled... 

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