Ruthenium tetroxide staining method

TC Yu. Impact modification of polypropylenes. Proceedings of Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical Conference, San Francisco, 1994, pp 2439-2445. GM Brown, JH Butler. New method for the characterization of domain morphology of polymer blends using ruthenium tetroxide staining and low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM). Polymer 38 3937-3945, 1997. [Pg.235]

The general method for ruthenium tetroxide staining is to stain sections over a fresh 1% solution for about 5-30 min. This is a problem as ruthenium tetroxide solutions are quite unstable, though Trent et al [166] have frozen solutions in sealed glass containers for periods up to six months and report that ruthenium tetroxide can be prepared by oxidation of hydrated ruthenium dioxide using sodium periodate (available from Morton Thiokol, Inc., Alfa Products). The reaction, shown in the following equation [177] ... [Pg.114]

Today, the most common methods of observing multiphase polymers are by phase contrast OM of thin sections, TEM of stained ultrathin sections, SEM of etched or fractured surfaces, and SPM of microtomed or etched surfaces. Osmium and ruthenium tetroxide are the most commonly used stains for observation of the dispersed phases in multiphase blends, whereas other stains have more limited application. Detailed fine structure of polymers is also made... [Pg.161]