Ruthenium mechanical properties

Nickel in Nanometer Materials. Coating a metal with an ultrathin layer of another metal creates properties not found separately in either of the materials. Considerable recent research has been directed toward improving the mechanical properties of bimetallic laminates, sometimes called composition modulatedfilms, which have interlayers only a few nanometers thick. Attractive properties also have been found for similar systems, called nanometer materials. Nickel has been used in combination with copper, ruthenium, and other metals for producing these new materials. 

I. N. Avertseva, M. V. Raevskaya, Hydrogen permeability and mechanical properties of palladium alloyed with ruthenium, samarium, yttrium, and neodymium, Phys. Met. Metall. 1994, 77(5), 518-521. 

A detailed review of the mechanisms of the hydrogenation of polar double bonds by ruthenium hydride species have been published by Clapham et alP The article examines the properties of over 100 catalyst systems for transfer and... 

Hardness of the annealed metals covers a wide range. Rhodium (up to 40%), iridium (up to 30%), and ruthenium (up to 10%) are often used to harden platinum and palladium whose intrinsic hardness and tensile strength are too low for many intended applications. Many of the properties of rhodium and iridium, Group 9 metals, are intermediate between those of Group 8 and Group 10. The mechanical and many other properties of the PGMs depend on the physical form, history, and purity of a particular metal sample. For example, electrodeposited platinum is much harder than wrought metal. 

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