Rush, John

Trivedi, Madhukar H., A. John Rush, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Diane Warden, Louise Ritz, Grayson Norquist, Robert H. Howland, Barry Lebowitz, Patrick J. McGrath, Kathy Shores-Wilson, Melanie M. Biggs, G. K. Balasubramani, Maurizio Fava and STAR D Study Team, Evaluation of Outcomes with Citalopram for Depression Using Measurement-Based Care in Star D Implications for Clinical Practice , American Journal of Psychiatry 163 (2006) 1-13... 

John C. Somberg Chief Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S. 

This, too, failed. Then Rush read a manuscript of John Mitchell s description of yellow fever in Virginia in 1741. Rush received its doctrine as revelation. He realized that the trouble had been, not that... 

Harvey, P.W., Rush, K.C., and Cockbum, A., Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1999. 

Beresford N, Routledge EJ, Harris CA, Sumpter JP (2000) Issues arising when interpreting results from an in vitro assay for estrogenic activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 162 22-33 Creasy DM (1999) Hormonal Mechanisms in Male Reproductive Tract Toxicity. In Harvey PW, Rush KC, Cockbum A (eds) Endocrine and Hormonal Toxicology. John Wiley Sons, England, pp 355 106... 

Barbara Merrill, Sheenah Mische, and John Rush ... 

Then the laboratory was calm, all were busy, and none was rushed. Stosick was fabricating some electronic device on the laboratory bench to the right of the entrance door. Dickinson sat at his desk to the left of the entrance door, busy with paper work. John and I began work on one of the poofs (organic fluorophosphates) at the center rear of the main laboratory. The Army s rack with its S-10 stood on the desk about half a meter from the hood and about three meters from John and me. 

An excellent overview of the changes in medical thinking through the nineteenth century is provided in Lester S. King s Transformations in American Medicine From Benjamin Rush to William Osier (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991). 

Rush, Roll, Higgins, 1998). The combination of cocaine (or amphetamine) and heroin (or other opiate) is called a speedbair and is particularly popular among heroin addicts. Morphine and cocaine combinations have been studied in the laboratory, and as with alcohol, morphine appeared to enhance the pleasurable effects of cocaine but also increased the cardiovascular effects. Combinations of cocaine and heroin have sometimes been blamed for drug overdose deaths (as in the deaths of comedian John Belushi and actor River Phoenix), and the synergistic effects on blood pressure and heart rate may be a factor (Foltin Fischman, 1992 Rush et al., 1998). 

Capen C (1999) Thyroid and parathyroid toxicology. In Harvey P, Rush K, Cockburn A (eds) Endocrine and hormonal toxicology. John Wiley Sons Ltd., NY, USA... 

Harvey, P. W., K. C. Rush, and A. Cockburn, eds. 1999. Endocrine and hormonal toxicology. Chichester, England John Wiley Sons Ltd. 

A daring entrepreneurial, yet practical, spirit imbued the citizens of the nascent United States of America, and it was exemplified by the precocious young physician John Penington. A student of Dr. Benjamin Rush at the University of Pennsylvania and a contemporary of Dr. Caspar Wistar, Penington completed his... 

Philadelphia was the home of the first chemical society, formed in 1789, by John Penington, who studied chemistry in Edinburgh. Two years later, James Woodhouse, a student of Rush, and therefore chemical grandson to Black,... 

It is not difficult to see that the first-born son of such a man as Benjamin Rush might have some difficult problems building an identity of his own. This, apparently, was the case. John Rush began to study medicine, dropped it in favor of a naval career, resumed it and got his degree, only to drop it again. On December 11, i8o2, Benjamin Rush made this note in his Commonplace Book This day my son John resumed the study of medicine. So anxious was he to return to my house and business that he said he would supply the place of one of my men servants, and even clean my stable rather than continue to follow a sea life. We are left to wonder why the son had to, or felt that he had to, humiliate himself before his father so much before he could return home and why the elder Rush recorded his son s abjection in his diary. 

John returned home and took his medical degree in 1804. His dissertation was dedicated to his father. Then, instead of accepting an appointment at the Philadelphia General Hospital— where he would have been under his father s shadow—he re-entered the Navy as a sailing master. His naval career lasted less than four years. In 1807, John Rush fought a duel with Benjamin Taylor, one of his closest friends, in which he killed Taylor. Within a year, he attempted suicide. In February, 1810, John was returned to the parental home. His father described him thus Neither the embraces nor tears of his parents, brothers or sisters could prevail upon him to speak to them. His grief and uncombed hair and long beard added to the distress produced by the disease of his mind. .. ... 

It is neither possible nor necessary to reconstruct here John Rush s predicament. It should suffice to record what happened to him he was locked up in his father s hospital where he remained, except for one short remission, until he died twenty-seven years later. 

Entry in the Commonplace Book for September s, 1810 This day my son John came home from the hospital somewhat better, but not well. He returned six days afterward, much worse. (In The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush, p. 294.)... 

But, surely, this does not do justice to what happened. Rush did not simply prognosticate that his son would be confined for life he actually initiated the confining. Binger makes no comment about the fact that Rush was in charge of the Pennsylvania Hospital and was, therefore, not only John s father but also his doctor, psychiatrist, and jailer. In Rush s day, no less than in ours, it was customary for physicians not to treat members of their own families. 

The story of John Rush is recounted in Appendix 3 of Benjamin Rush s Autobiography, pp. 36 371. 

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