Rupture exchanger tube

Calculate the maximum flow rate of natural gas through a ruptured exchanger tube assuming a complete break near the tube sheet as shown in Figure 3-3. The data are ... 

Furnace tubes, piping, and exchanger tubing with metal temperatures above 800°F now tend to be an austenitic stainless steel, e.g., Type 304, 321, and 347, although the chromium-molybdenum steels are still used extensively. The stainless steels are favored beeause not only are their creep and stress-rupture properties superior at temperatures over 900°F, but more importantly because of their vastly superior resistance to high-temperature sulfide corrosion and oxidation. Where corrosion is not a significant factor, e.g., steam generation, the low alloys, and in some applications, carbon steel may be used. 

Eluor Daniel has the ability to perform a heat exchanger tube rupture transient analysis consistent with the method referred to in RP-521 ("Model to Predict Transient Consequences of a Heat Exchanger Tube Rupture," by Sumaria et ah). This methodology accounts for effects such as the inertia of the low-pressure liquid, the compressibility of the liquid, the expansion of the exchanger shell or tube chaimels, and the relief valve dynamics. Dynamic simulation can be used to meet the following objectives ... 

Sumeria, V.H., J.A. Rovnak, I. Heitner, RJ. Herbert, Model to Predict Transient Consequences of a Heat Exchanger Tube Rupture, Proceedings-Refining Department, Vol. 55, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 1976, p.63... 

In production facility design, the most common relieving conditions are (1) blocked discharge, (2) gas blowby, (3) regulator failure, (4) fire. (5) thermal, and (6) heat exchanger tube rupture. Relief valve design How rates are commonly determined as follows. 

Failure of Heat Exchanger Tubes If a heat exchanger shell rating is less than the pressure level of the circulating medium and an internal heat exchanging tube ruptures or leaks it will overpressure the vessel. 

Steam Generator Tube Rupture SCS Heat Exchanger Tube Leak Total Loss of FW Flow... 

LOCA (Interfacing) e.g. Primary Heat Exchanger Tube Rupture ATWS Anticipated Transients Without Scram Primary Transients,... 

I s C Nominal Nominal Overpressure Flibe to CO2 heat exchanger tube rupture... 

The design of the circuits is very simple. The RRP loops are designed to resist the primary pressure. Isolating valves on the circuit are to avoid the risk of primary water passage outside the containment in the event of heat exchanger tube rupture. A surge tank to compensate for the water expansion from cold shutdown to the full power operating state provides the pressure control of the RRP circuit. 

Pipeline crevasse and equipment leakage accidents Primary circuit pipeline small crevasse Secondary circuit pipeline small crevasse Primary container leakage Main heat exchanger tube rupture Fuel sphere breakage Isolation valve abnormal open Molten salt pipe rupture out of containment... 

Failure of a heat exchanger tube in PWRs (e.g. rupture of a steam generator tube) ... 

Check valve failure Blocked discharge Control valve failure Thermal expansion of liquid Heat exchanger tube rupture Reflux failure and overhead system Loss of reboiler heat Venting of storage tank Failure of individual motor Accidental closure of valve... 

One advantage of the rupture disk that it has no moving parts and reacts quickly enough to relieve some of the pressure spikes. The quick-acting characteristics of the rupture disk have made it popular for applications in which pressure buildup is instantaneous, e.g., nmaway reaction and exchanger tube rupture. 

---