Ruminal boluses ivermectin

Controlled-release ruminal bolus Ivermectin Cattle P.O. 

Avermectin (Ivermectin) (Doramectin) (Abamectin) (Eprinomectin) Mites, lice, Horn fly. Warble-fly larvae Solution (pour on) Parenteral solution (S.C. injection) Controlled-release ruminal bolus (ivermectin)... 

Fig. 2.6 Technological design of (a) controlled-release ruminal bolus containing ivermectin for administration to cattle and (b) controlled-release ruminal capsule containing albendazole or ivermectin for administration to sheep. (Reproduced with permission from Klink et at. (1998).)...

There are diverse formulations and delivery systems for macrocylic lactones in ruminants, including injectable, oral, sustained-release bolus and transdermal ("pour on") products. In Europe, it is popular clinical practice to administer injectable solutions of ivermectin intravenously (i.v.) to horses. This constitutes extra-label (unlicensed) use and there are no objective data to support the perceived improved efficacy following administration by this route. Specifically, in relation to hypobiotic cyathostome larvae, Klei et al (1993) reported no increase in efficacy when horses were administered 10 pg/kg, which is five times the recommended dose rate. 

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