Sherwood Rowland

F. Sherwood-Rowland, Chlorofluorocarbons and Depletion of Stratospheric O ne, Improved Thermal Insulation—Problems and Perspectives, D. A. Brandreth, ed., Technomic Puhlishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, Pa., 1991, pp. 5—25. 

The two scientists who first suggested (in 1974) that CFCs could deplete the ozone layer, F. Sherwood Rowland (1927-) and Mario Molina (1943-), won the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry, along with Paul Crutzen (1933—), who first suggested that oxides of nitrogen in the atmosphere could catalyze the decomposition of ozone. 

Roasting A metallurgical process in which a sulfide ore is heated in air, forming either the free metal or the metal oxide, 539 Rock candy, 17 Rowland, F. Sherwood, 311 Rubber elasticity, 470 Ruminant, 620 Rusting, 87... 

Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland used Crutzen s work and other data in 1974 to build a model of the stratosphere that explained how chlorofluorocarbons could threaten the ozone layer. In 1985, ozone levels over Antarctica were indeed found to be decreasing and had dropped to the lowest ever observed by the year 2000, the hole had reached Chile. These losses are now known to be global in extent and it has been postulated that they may be contributing to global warming in the Southern Hemisphere. 

James P. Lodge John L. Margrave Leon Petrakis F. Sherwood Rowland Alan C. Sartorelli Raymond B. Seymour Aaron Wold Gunter Zweig... 

A typical example of the interaction between hypothesis and experiment is the story of the work that resulted in worldwide concern over the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. These studies led to the awarding of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, and F. Sherwood Rowland. Figure FT provides a schematic view of how this prize-winning research advanced. It began in 1971 when experiments revealed that chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, had appeared in the Earth s atmosphere. At the time, these CFCs were widely used as refrigerants and as aerosol propellants. Rowland wondered what eventually would happen to these gaseous compounds. He carried out a theoretical analysis, from which he concluded that CFCs are very durable and could persist in the atmosphere for many years. 

The ozone hole would almost certainly be much worse if chemists had not studied the reactions of CFCs with atmospheric gases before ozone depletion was discovered. The 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to the three pioneers in this effort. A German chemist, Paul Crutzen, discovered how ozone concentration is regulated in a normal stratosphere, while two Americans, F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina, showed that CFCs can destroy ozone. These studies of molecular reactions allowed quick determination that CFCs are a likely cause of ozone depletion and led to the international restrictions described above. 

James P. Lodge Marvin Margoshes Leon Petrakis Theodore Provder F. Sherwood Rowland Dennis Schuetzle Davis L. Temple, Jr. Gunter Zweig... 

President Emeritus, Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology F. Sherwood Rowland... 

Several interviewees saw the two professional organization as complimentary. One Cohort III interviewee said I think there is a need for both ACS and NOBCChE. I don t think membership in one should exclude the other. I wouldn t say that ACS is that conservative because it has elected a black president... That speaks for itself... There are no racial barriers in ACS. To date. Hill (1975-1977) is the only known African American to serve as a president of ACS. In November 2004, an African American, Isaiah Warner, Vice Chancellor for Strategic Initiatives at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, was a contender for the presidentelect. He was opposed by F. Sherwood Rowland, Bren Research Professor of Chemistry and Earth System Science at the University of California, Irvine and... 

F. Sherwood Rowland (1927-) and Mario Molina (1943-) predicted the destruction of stratospheric ozone in 1974. Rowland and Molina theorized that inert CFCs could drift into the stratosphere, where they would be broken down by ultraviolet radiation. Once in the stratosphere, the CFCs would become a source of ozone-depleting chlorine. The destruction of ozone by CFCs can be represented by the following series of reactions ... 

Richter, Jermias Benjamin, 31, 32 Rockefeller, John D., 305 Roebuck, John, 290 Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 38, 46 Rouelle, Giullame Francois, 25 Rowland, F. Sherwood, 265, 266 Rutherford, Daniel, 22 Rutherford, Ernest, 37, 39... 

In 1974, F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina, who shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Crutzen, showed that chlorine from photolyzed chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as CF2C12 and CFCI3, which were used as supposedly inert refrigerants, solvents for cleaning electronic components, plastic foam blowing agents, and aerosol spray propellants, can also catalyze ozone loss. Subsequently, the chlorine monoxide molecule CIO, which is involved in the chlorine-catalyzed ozone destruction cycle, has been shown to be present in the holes in the ozone layer and to correlate inversely with... 

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