Rotating ring disk electrode technique

Electrochemiluminescence quantum yields of 8—10% from 9,10-diphenylanthracene and 14—20% from the 9,10-diphenylanthracene anion—thianthrene cation combination have been reported using the rotating ring disk electrode technique (157,173). 

Using underpotential deposition with the redox replacement technique a novel electrochemical approach for nanoparticle-based catalyst has been designed. Here, the as-prepared Pt-coated Au nanoparticle monolayer at atomic level on the electrode surface can reduce O2 predominately by 4e to H2O, which was confirmed by rotating ring disk electrode technique (Figure 8). 

Theory of Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Technique 200... 

The oxygen reduction mechanism of the electrocatalyst is usually examined by the rotating ring-disk electrode technique as shown in Fig. 2. Cathodic electrochemical oxygen reduction occurs on the disk electrode attached with electrocatalyst in the alkaline aqueous electrolyte containing dissolved oxygen. While, the... 

Rotating Disk and Rotating Ring-disk Electrode Techniques... 

Over the years, many systems have been investigated and a variety of experimental probes, both electrochemical and spectroscopic, have been used in their study and characterization. Thus, electrochemical techniques such as rotated-ring disk electrodes (JlL) and spectroscopic techniques such as Raman (18-201 (in its numerous variants) have provided much insight into the mechanisms of many of these processes, however, in-situ structural studies of such systems have, to date, proved very elusive to direct experimental probing. 

The rotating ring-disk electrode has been applied to a variety of electrode mechanisms [66,67]. It is one of the most useful techniques for studying electrode reactions. 

Early work in our laboratory involved the examination of competitive photoanodic oxidation at a CdS electrode in electrolytes containing various reducing agents using the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique.20 In the... 

The Frumkin epoch in electrochemistry [i-iii] commemorates the interplay of electrochemical kinetics and equilibrium interfacial phenomena. The most famous findings are the - Frumkin adsorption isotherm (1925) Frumkin s slow discharge theory (1933, see also - Frumkin correction), the rotating ring disk electrode (1959), and various aspects of surface thermodynamics related to the notion of the point of zero charge. His contributions to the theory of polarographic maxima, kinetics of multi-step electrode reactions, and corrosion science are also well-known. An important feature of the Frumkin school was the development of numerous original experimental techniques for certain problems. The Frumkin school also pioneered the experimental style of ultra-pure conditions in electrochemical experiments [i]. A list of publications of Frumkin until 1965 is available in [iv], and later publications are listed in [ii]. 

Finally, there is electrolysis at the rotating ring-disk electrode. In this experiment the RDE is surrounded by a thin insulating rim and an outer-ring electrode in concentric circles. Electrode products from electrolysis at the inner disk pass by the outer ring, which is held at a different voltage, chosen to allow monitoring of a particular electrolysis product. This technique requires availability of a dual potentiostat". ... 

Many interesting processes occurring at the liquid/liquid interface involve coupled homogeneous chemical reactions. In principle, electrochemical methods used for probing complicated mechanisms at metal electrodes (61) can be employed at the ITIES. However, many of these techniques (e.g., rotating ring-disk electrode or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry) are hard to adapt to liquid/liquid measurements. Because of technical problems, few studies of multistep processes at the ITIES have been reported to date (1,62). 

The most appropriate experimental arrangement for the quantitative determination of the stationary curves for the reaction is the rotating disk electrode technique, in which the convective transport is controlled mechanically and thus a constant diffusion layer for each species is achieved [101-106]. Modifications of this technique, to primarily collect the intermediates of the reactions, such as ring-disk electrode techniques [93,94] and a hanging meniscus rotating disk electrode... 

FIGURE 25-22 Disk (a) and ring (b) current lor reduction ol oxygen at the rotating-ring-disk electrode. (From Laboratory Techniques in Eiectroanalylical Chemistry, 2nd ed.. P. T. Kissinger and W. R. Heineman. eds., p. 117. New York Dekker. 1996, With permission.)... 

Table 6.4 gives the output of Program 5 under certain conditions. We see that for a layer thickness z/ = 2.5 x 10" cm, Program 5 finds a value of Hip close to that obtained by other techniques [Table 6.4(a)]. Orthogonal collocation is used to simulate rotating ring disk electrodes and cyclic voltammetry for CE and EC mechanisms. Furthermore orthogonal collocation is used to characterize diffusion at microelectrodes and microelectrode arrays. ... 

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