Rootstocks pears

In many cases cultivated soils have compacted areas which can severely impair tree growth. Compaction in soil may be due to factors associated with soil formation or geology, or it may have been caused by mechanical pressure from machinery or by deposits by transport and ground-levelling vehicles. If the soil is compacted it is absolutely essential to loosen the subsoil (e.g. by trenching or deep cultivation) before a new orchard is set up. Dwarfing rootstocks for apples and pears (M9, M27, quince C), elder and small fruit trees are particularly sensitive to soil compaction. 

Only relatively flat sites are suitable for nurseries. On sloping sites there is a risk of erosion because the soil has to be kept bare. In addition, locations where there is a risk of frost (winter frost and late frost) should not be used as nurseries, especially for the propagation of stone fruit and pears on quince rootstocks. Nurseries should preferably be set up on medium-heavy soils. Humus-rich, loamy sand soils or sandy loam soils are especially favourable. A soil index well above 50 is advisable for nurseries. 

Soil requirements are similar to those for apples. Pears, especially on a quince rootstock, suffer from chlorosis when the pH is high. 

FARMYARD MANURE. Apply well-rotted farmyard manure in late autumn, winter about 20-30 t/ha. Small fruit and all shallow-rooting rootstocks (M9, M27, quince C for pears) respond particularly well to this treat-... 

Apple trees can be grown in most places, but before you buy your trees, do get advice from your local supplier on three things the rootstock, the most appropriate variety, and pollination needs. Apples and pears are grafted onto rootstocks that determine the eventual size of the tree, the age when it starts to fruit, and the amount of fruit it can produce. Rootstock Ml 11 will produce a vigorous, wide-spreading standard tree that will start to produce fruit after six... 

Post-trauma regeneration processes in perennial woody plants and their dependence on meteorological factors were estimated according to the ability of some representatives (species and intraspecific taxons) of Pyrus L. to nonmorphogenetic posttrauma regeneration. Pear cultivars Bere Desiatova, Umans kaiuvileina, Kniahynia or ha and Sofiia, few rootstocks, and also cultivars of basic species Pyruscommunis L. and several other wild relatives of pears were studied. 

---