Root structure

M. McCully, How do real roots work Some new views of root structure. Plant Physiol. 709 1 (1995). 

These results suggest that pure aromatic polyesters may function like the long-lived components in humus and may provide useful properties as a soil additive. Grass sod growing studies using municipal-waste-derived compost in combination with chopped plastic fibers demonstrated improved growing rate and root structure development to accelerate sod production. 

Effects on Rooting Structure and Interactions Among Plants... 

Root Abbreviations Root Structure (Sugar Residue Locant IV—III—II—I)... 

To simplify the nomenclature, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry recommended abbreviations for the oligosaccharide chains of GSLs [9], The neutral core (root) structures, their symbols, and commonly used abbreviations are shown in Table 12.1. The name of a particular GSL is composed of (root name) (root size) osylceramide. Thus, the sixth structure in Table 12.1, if linked to ceramide, is named globotetraosylceramide, which could be abbreviated as Gb4Cer (the subscript 4 refers to the tetrasaccharide core). 

Roman numerals show sugar positions in the root structure. 

This relational chemical database format is extended in ISIS to include 3D models, generic structures, and most recently, reactions. In these cases, additional "trees" in the database hierarchy connect 2D structures with 3D models, connect root structures with corresponding Rgroup members, or connect molecules with reactions. 

Root Structure. The invariant portion of a Markush or generic structure. The attached Rgroups contain the substituents that vary from one specific structure to the next. Sometimes termed a parent structure. 

The key step in this process seems to be the below-ground, symbiotic fungus-root structures (mycorrhizal association) studied closely by Sir Albert Howard. See chapter 7. 

The soil mixture or medium is where the nutrients may now be placed. The water resen/oir is used to periodically moisten the medium, drawing moisture and atr into the entire root structure of the plant at frequent intenrals. Thus the plant is supplied with more of the vital oxygen and C02 that enable the plant to metabolize the nutrients much faster. 

In order to be effeaive, nutrients must be constantly available to the root system of the plants. Since the nutrients are applied directly to the medium when using the totally organic method, they will be continuously available to the plants. The secret to hydroponics is supplying water, nutrients, and air to the root structure at timed intervals. However, it is not necessary for the nutrients to be in the water. As the timers periodically flood the grow bed, they will draw air and water to the roots.The water applied at intervals to any lower medium will capillary upward and steep the nutrients into the upper root structure, which develops in the upper medium. 

The upper root system will develop a thick web-like structure of fine roots, similar to roots in standard soil, because the medium will not be submerged in the water as will the roots in the lower half of the container. This root web will allow for an enormous uptake of nutrients and create faster and more abundant growth. Plus the hydroponic nature of the upper medium will allow additional oxygen to be exchanged within the medium, replicating a hydroponic environment for the abundant root structure. 

The development of a dual root structure will create a fast metabolizing growth system for your plants that utilizes the essential processes and benefits of both soil and hydroponic gardening. The end result Faster and more plentiful plant growth than either standard soil or hydroponics by itself. 

Hydroponic containers are filled to the top with the hydroponic medium of your choice. The water is raised to the level of the tops of the medium in the hydroponic containers. Flooding the upper grow bed once every 4 to 8 hours will maintain the proper moisture content within the root structure. 

Tomographic results show that high-velocity mantle roots extend locally to depths of at least 250 km beneath undisturbed Archaean craton, with no comparable root structures beneath post-Archaean terranes. Neither body- nor surface-wave analyses have yet produced evidence of a low-velocity zone beneath the cratonic keel (Ritsema van Heijst 2000 Freybourger et al. 2001 ... 

Figure 5.7 Aeolianite from Cap Blanc, Tunisia. Evidence of the original dune structure has been lost due to the growth and later induration of root structures in the dune sands.

Figure 11.10 Photographs of outcrops of other cemented beach deposits. (A) Pleistocene coastal deposit on the coast of Cat Cay, western margin of Great Bahama Bank. Note inclined bedding and root structures. (B) Elevated Holocene reef terraces on the southwestern coast of Barbados, West Indies. (C) Indurated dolomite crust on tidal flats. Near western coast of Andros Island, Bahamas.

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