Rolling procedure

To achieve proper and effective compaction of asphalt layers, the following points are recommended  

Rolling should start as quickly as possible after asphalt has been laid, provided the temperature of the mix is not too high and has developed sufficient stability to withstand the weight of the roller. 

Rolling consists of three consecutive phases the initial or breakdown rolling, the intermediate rolling and the finish rolling. 

Most of the compaction is achieved during breakdown rolling. Intermediate rolling increases the density of the mix further and minimises all surface pores. During finish rolling, all roller traces and other surface deficiencies are removed. Between the three phases, there should be no time delay. 

The number of rollers required to be used is determined by the width of paving lane for a typical paving lane width of 3.5 to 3.75 m, usually two or more rollers are required. As for the width of the roller, it is usually chosen to be approximately equal to one-third of the width of the paving lane. 

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Most recovery boilers use 63,5 mm OD carbon steel tubes in the generating bank. With a few exceptions these tubes are swaged at the ends to 50,8 mm. When the 63,5 mm raw tube is manufactured it is subject to a lot of specifications i.e. ASME. There are no specifications for the swaged end of the tube. This is unfortunate as the swaged part of the tube is subjected to further mechanical deformation dtuing the rolling procedure and is located in a wastage zone of tire recovery boiler. 

Roll coating of paint is the final process in a coil coating line. Roll coating is an economical method to paint large areas of metal with a variety of finishes and to produce a uniform and high-quality coating. The reverse roll procedure for coils is used by the coil coating industry, and allows both sides of the coil to be painted simultaneously. 

A GDL is also an important component of the AFC. For these fuel cells, the GDLs are usually made by a rolling procedure similar to that used in the paper industry. The activated carbon/PTFE mixture is rolled onto a current collector made of planar nickel mesh. By using GDL and a two-layer electrode structure, the Pt loading in the AFC can be reduced to 0.3 mg cm-2 [76],... 

In 1964, full-scale test sections were laid in Oakville, Ontario and St. Boniface, Manitoba, using conventional asphaltic concrete paving procedures. During these trials, rolling procedures routinely used on... 

A sihca membrane prepared by the soaking—rolling procedure on a porous stainless steel disc [64] was employed by Brunetti et al. [56] for the WGSR from 220 to 290°C and up to 600 kPa using a commercial CuO/Ce02-based catalyst. The CO conversion always exceeded conversions attainable in a conventional reactor at temperatures higher than 250°C. The CO conversion difference between the conventional and the membrane reactor increased with temperature and was more pronounced at lower reaction pressures. It was determined that the best operating conditions for the membrane reactor were 280°C and 400 kPa. 

The graphene stripe that is needed for the artificial rolling procedure is marked as shaded area in Fig. 1. It is defined by two vectors that point along its edges, the circumference vector C/, and the translational vector T. 

A silica membrane, prepared by the soaking-rolling procedure on a porous stainless steel disk, was employed by Brunetti et al. (2007) for the... 

In the application of WGS in non-Pd-based MRs, Bmnetti et al. (2007) performed the WGS reaction at low-medium temperature (493—563 K) and in the pressure range of 2.0—6.0 bar by using a composite membrane composed of a silica layer supported onto a porous stainless steel disk. The support was modified to make possible the reduction of the macropores by packing with silica xerogel (500 nm) and by coating with an intermediate layer of y-alumina via boehmite sol (y-AlOOH) by a soaking-rolling procedure. Therefore, this MR made it possible to reach a CO conversion of around 95.0% at 553 K, 4.0 bar, and stoichiometric feed ratio. 

Slag sitals are characterized by their good mechanical stability, hardness, and abrasion resistance (see Table 2-15). They can be processed with diamond tools. That is, they can be given a final shape, if necessary, after the rolling procedure. 

Thin metallic membranes can be produced by techniques such as rolling. Tosti et al. described the fabrication of palladium/silver membranes by cold rolling [643]. Several steps of rolling and annealing were required and eventually resulted in membranes of 50-pm thickness. The Vickers hardness of the membranes was increased by the rolling procedure. Cylindrical membrane separators were fabricated from the membranes by welding. 

The diffusion welding and cold-rolling procedure previously described for the synthesis of the Ni-based membrane has been also applied to the production of a Pd-Ag/Nb/Pd-Ag composite membrane. In this application, two Pd-Ag foils with a thickness of 25 pm were used to cover a Nb plate with a thickness of 1 mm. This composite membrane was rolled down to a thickness of 128 pm (of which about 122 pm was Nb bulk, between two very thin Pd-Ag layers of 3 pm). The permeation tests carried out at 180°C... 

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