Ritter, Johann

ENC 08] Ritter, Johann Wilhelm , Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biograply, Encyclopedia.com http //www.encyclopedia.com/doc/lG2-2830903689.html, 2008. 

From Johann Stemhals, Ritter-Krieg... Hamburg 1595 (reprinted Hamburg 1680). This English translation of some sections of this book made by Sigismund Bacstrom is contained in Ms. Wellcome 1027. Bacstrom s notes are shown in square brackets in italic. This transcription was made by Fred Hatt."... 

A year after Herschel discovered infrared radiation, Johann Ritter discovered radiation beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. This radiation came to be known as ultraviolet and soon was recognized as being especially effective in causing chemical reactions. 

Rhumelius, Johann Pharamund, 138, 172 Ritter, J. W., 58 Robert of Chester, 83... 

In 1815, the Vienna Polytechnic Institute (Fig. 1), now the Vienna University of Technology, was founded. From the very beginning biotechnological subjects were taught. The founder and first director of the Vienna Polytechnic Institute, Johann Josef Ritter von Prechtl (1778-1854), was the author of a renowned textbook of chemistry with special reference to chemical technology (1813) and,... 

A187. Woodcut from Johann Sternhals, Ritter-Krieg... Hamburg 1580. 

For an introduction to the UV, students can easily recreate the experiment that yielded initial evidence for the existence of UV radiation. The original experiment was performed by Johann Ritter in 1801 and used silver chloride, but the recreation outlined in (75) can be done using nonhazardous reagents, a prism, and common household items. This exercise is primarily for students of middle school age, but addresses National Science Standards from grades K-12 with appropriate classroom tutorials. 

A year later in Germany, Johann Ritter (Fig. 1.1) connected a Volta cell to layered discs of copper and cardboard moistened with NaCl solution [2]. The charging voltage was 1.3 V. After the circuit was disconnected, a voltage of 0.3 V was measured between tbe two copper discs. Ritter conducted similar experiments with lead, tin and zinc plates. Different voltages were measured for the different types of plates. He called this voltage polarisation. 

Close linkage between research in physical and biological sciences continued. Johann W. Ritter (1776-1810), often considered as the founder of electrochemistry, likened the living phenomenon to a Galvanic process—a process he demonstrated with the aid of the Voltaic pile. ... 

The chemical theory was first proposed by Johann Wilhelm Ritter (Samnitz, Silesia, 16 December lyyb-Mimich, 23 January i8io), who held no academic position. According to him, in galvanic phenomena three bodies, in electrical two, and in chemical one, are concerned ... 

Fig. 2 Historical apparatuses used to study the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by Johann Wilhelm Ritter (a) [27] and August Wilhelm von Hoffmann (b) [28] as well as a Knallgasvoltameter (oxyhydrogen gas voltameter c) [29], in which the oxygen evolution reaction is employed to measure electric current. In all drawings, the ratio of 2 1 for hydrogen gas to oxygen gas can be seen clearly...

Johann W. Ritter (1776-1810) was an experimentalist who followed early studies on electrochemistry and radiation. He showed that light beneath the violet accelerated the rate at which silver metal darkened. 

Frercksa J, Weberb H, Wiesenfeldt G (2009) Reception and discovery the nature of Johann Wilhelm Ritter s invisible rays. Stud Hist Philos Sci A 40 143-156... 

In the same period around 1800 (some people say that it was a little later), Johann Wilhelm Ritter (1776-1810), a German chemist, physicist and philosopher, carried out the same experiment as W. Nicholson and A. Carlisle independently. Some think it was he who created the first electrolyzer (see Figure 2.3). 

WIK 13d] Wikipedia, Johann Wilhelm Ritter http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann Withelm Ritter. Accessed on 25 April 2013. 

Johannes v. Ritter produces hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis of a sulfuric acid solution... 

Rechargeable elements trace back to Johann Wilhelm Ritter, while the invention of the lead-acid battery is attached to such famous names as Gaston Plante, Camille Faure, Henry Tudor, and Volkmar. The industrial production began over 100 years ago and it demonstrates the difficulty implemented in electrochemical elements that even today sometimes the behavior of a battery can t be foreseen or explained totally. On the field of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries Otto Jache made a break-through in 1957 after extensive preparatory work by many others. 

Ostwald, 1894[ F. W. Ostwald. Johann Wilhelm Ritter, Rede, gehalten auf der ersten Jahresver-sammlung der Deutschen Elektrochemischen Gesellschaft am 5. Oktober 1894 in Berlin. Rpt. in Ostwald (1904), pp. 359-383. 

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