Risk Factors for Dryness of the Mouth

Besides drugs, other conditions that can lead to mouth dryness are radiation against the neck, fever, concomitant diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases (scleroderma, sicca syndrome), Parkinson s disease, numeral psychiatric conditions and stroke with paralysis, dysphagia, neglect or oral apraxia. Damage to the mouth can arise due to drug treatment through different mechanisms and here are some examples. 

There are different ways of treating dryness of the mouth. Drinking frequently and taking small sips can help but also chewing on ice cubes or small bits of fruit stimulates the production of saliva. Lubricant oral spray, chewing gum or oral gel, containing for example malic acid, can stimulate saliva secretion as long as there is still 

When there is no saliva production left, replacement for saliva can be used to moisturise the dry membranes of the mouth and is often given in combination with sodium fluoride to protect the teeth. 

It is also very important, if possible, to discontinue or lower the doses of drugs with anticholinergic effects antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, uro-logic spasmolytics, anti-arrhythmics, drugs for Parkinson s disease and more. Prophylactic treatment against Candida infection, bacteria and caries can also be useful (Mouly et al. 2007). 

It is vital to bear in mind that for the elderly mouth dryness has a negative impact on appetite, speech, oral hygiene, dental status and quality of life. It can be caused by many drugs used by old people and this must be considered when this problem occurs. Dry mouth should be prevented or treated in order to avoid permanent damages both to the membranes of the mouth and to the teeth. 

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