Rinse cycle fabric softeners concentrated

Water temperature during the rinse cycle Fabric softener concentration Dispersibility by additives/mixing Dryer versns air dry... 

VARISOFT 222LM-(90%) is a more fluid and cold water dispersible version of VARISOFT 222-90%. It is designed to be used in the formulation of regular rinse, concentrated rinse, and high solids aqueous dispersions. Water at temperatures as low as 55F can be used to formulate these liquid rinse cycle fabric softeners. Its versatility simplifies inventory control of the base, yet offers much formulation flexibility. 

Concentrated products lead to a reduction of plastic waste and distribution costs. They enable space savings on the shelves at the point of sale and at home. Their success, however, varies strongly from country to country introduced in Germany in 1980 [14], they represented 95% of the German rinse cycle fabric softener market in 1994 and only 10% of the Spanish and Italian ones [21], In France and the U.K. they are at parity with regular products [5], Likewise, they appeared on the Japanese market in 1988 and represented 50% of sales six years after [5], On the contrary, in emerging countries, regular products still remain the most popular, as consumers feel they get more for their money. 

For three decades, rinse cycle fabric softeners were essentially 3-8 wt% active dispersions [22], which were considered regular strength. In the past 10-15 years, a market for less bulky, more concentrated products has emerged as a result of the desire to cut packaging and transportation costs, reduce the shelf-space, and utilize smaller, easier-to-handle containers. Section 9.6 discusses the concentrated rinse cycle fabric softeners. 

Keys, R. O., Formulation and production of concentrated rinse cycle fabric softeners. HAPPI (March) 95-97, 1995. 

The 1980s were rich in innovation. As cationic actives precipitate in the presence of anionic surfactants, thereby losing most of their efficacy, the anionic surfactant concentration in the liquor must be kept as low as possible. Therefore, the fabric softener had to be introduced in the last rinse of the wash cycle, when the detergent carryover is at a minimum. That represented a true constraint if the washer did not contain a dispenser for softener. The user had to stay near the washer to introduce the product at the beginning of the last rinse or had to run an extra rinse at the end of the laundering. 

---