Rigid PVC, plastics

Polyvinyl chloride Rigid PVC Plasticized PVC Dry blends Liquid or paste dispersions Intensive high-speed mixers Roll mills or disk Impeller mixers... 

Euvinyi . [BASF BASF AG] Organic and inorganic pigments in VC c(q>oly-mer, for mass coloring of rigid PVC, plasticized PVC, PVC pastes, VC copolymers, inks. 

Plastic adhesives are used in the household or for model-making. They are able to bond nearly all plastics, for example, polystyrene, ABS, plexiglass, polycarbonate, and rigid PVC. Plastic adhesives partly belong to the solvent-welding adhesives. As they contain solvents such as butyl acetate, the surface to be bonded is slightly solvated, and... 

Calcium—zinc stabilizers are used in both plasticized PVC and rigid PVC for food contact where it is desired to minimize taste and odor characteristics. AppHcations include meat wrap, water botdes, and medical uses. 

These compounds are particularly advantageous for equipment exposed to low temperatures. This plastic containing chlorinated ethylene does not differ significantly in chemical resistance from rigid PVC, but does have a slightly lower creep strength. 

The materials of construction, from the cupboard to the fan, should be inorganic and resistant to attack by perchloric acid. For the cupboard itself suitable materials include stainless steel of types, 316 or 317, solid epoxy resin, and rigid PVC. Stainless steel has been popular for this application as it is easy to form, weld, and polish. It is, however, attacked by the acid, which causes discoloration of the metal surface and the formation of iron(III) perchlorate, which can be explosive. Ductwork, separate from other extract systems, is usually made from stainless steel or plastic materials. Fire regulations may preclude the use of plastic ductwork or require it to be sheathed in an outer casing of metal or GRP. The fan casing and impeller can both be made of plastic. 

ABS has a specific gravity of 1.03 to 1.06 and a tensile strength in the range of 6 to 7.5 X 10 psi. These polymers are tough plastics with outstanding mechanical properties. A wide variety of ABS modifications are available with heat resistance comparable to or better than polysulfones and polycarbonates (noted later in this section). Another outstanding property of ABS is its ability to be alloyed with other thermoplastics for improved properties. For example, ABS is alloyed with rigid PVC for a product with better flame resistance. 

Levels of organotins in rigid PVC are 1-1.5%. The minor use in flexible PVC is probably more in the range of 0.8-1.2% due to the plasticizer present (personal communication to IPCS, 2006). 

Fig. 5. Rigid PVC Conduit Formulation. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 2. Copyright Plastics Compounding 1985).

The plastics industry, however, uses P.Y.17 extensively, although problems may occur in plasticized PVC, where blooming is observed if pigment concentrations are low. P.Y.17 is almost as lightfast as the somewhat redder P.Y.13 (step 6-7 at 1/3 SD). Likewise, both pigments are almost equally lightfast in rigid PVC. In polymers, as in other materials, P.Y.17 is also considerably weaker than P.Y.13. 

In plastics, Toluidine Red is practically limited to rigid PVC. Its lightfastness in full shades and slight white reduction is fair. Besides, the pigment is also used to color a number of specific media, such as normal wax crayons and pastel chalks or low-cost watercolors. 

Due to the disadvantage of comparatively poor migration resistance, P.R.5 is not used in plasticized PVC, but it can be applied in rigid PVC. Its lightfastness is excellent in this medium, transparent and opaque colorations (up to 0.01% pigment + 0.5% TiOz) equal step 7 and, respectively, step 6-7 on the Blue Scale. Dispersed pigment preparations are available for the mass coloration of viscose films as well as for spin dyeing of viscose rayon and viscose cellulose. 

In plasticized PVC systems, P.R.188 blooms at low concentrations, which is also true for rigid PVC. Its thermostability in polyolefins is only about 220°C, which makes it an unsuitable pigment for most polymers. However, the pigment is used to some extent in PVC and PUR plastisols. 

The plastics industry uses P.O.38 primarily to color PVC, polyolefins, and polystyrene. In plasticized PVC, the pigment does not bleed at concentrations up to about 0.3%. Its lightfastness is good. Transparent colorations in rigid PVC (0.1%) equal step 7-8 on the Blue Scale while opaque versions (0.1% pigment+ 0.5% Ti02) equal step 7. 

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