Ribosome structure and

Spirin AS. Ribosomes Structure and Protein Biosynthesis, Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA, 1986. 

Spirin, A. ((1986)). Ribosome Structure and Protein Synthesis. Benjamin Cummings Publishing. 

Ramakrishnan, V. (2002) Ribosome structure and the mechanism of translation. Cell 108, 557-572. 

Kurland, C. G. Aspects of ribosome structure and function, in Molecular Mechanisms of Protein Biosynthesis (eds.) Weissbach, H., Pestka, S., p. 81, New York, Academic Press 1977... 

Ribosomal RNA is present in the ribosomes, which contain approximately an equal mass of protein. Ribosomal RNA makes up about 80 percent of the total RNA in the cell and is of several types, distinguished from one another by their sedimentation rates in an ultracentrifuge (Chap. 4). Bacterial ribosomes, for example, contain three types of RNA 5S, 16S, and 23S. The details of ribosome structure and function are treated in Chap. 17. 

The reconstitution of bacterial ribosomal subunits from the separated rRNAs and proteins, first announced in 1968, provides a potent tool to investigate such essential aspects of ribosome structure and evolution as the subunits assembly pathway [92,93], the locations and neighbourhoods of the subunit proteins [94,95], the roles of the individual proteins in both assembly and function [92,93,96], and the degree of exchangeability of ribosomal components both within and across domain boundaries [97,98]. 

Chapters 11 through 14 deal with aspects of molecular biology in archaea and include, respectively, DNA structure and replication by P. Forterre transcription apparatus by W. Zillig et al. translation apparatus by R. Amils et al. and ribosomal structure and function by A. Matheson et al. 

Electron microscopy can give information about ribosomal structure and function, but X-ray crystallography has given far more detailed information. 

Plesner, P. 1961. Changes in ribosome structure and function during synchronized cell division. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 26 159-162. 

Trypsin and chymotrypsin were used to predigest the ribosomes. Hultin observed that some of the protein fractions disappear with both enzymes, but others disappear with only one of the enzymes, and some are not affected at all by the proteolytic enzymes. To interpret these results, Hultin argues that those proteins that are digested by both enzymes are readily accessible and must be located at the surface of the ribosome. In contrast, those proteins unaffected by either enzyme are, according to Hultin, buried within the ribosomal structure, and those affected by only one of the enzymes have a susceptible portion located at the surface, whereas the remaining is protected because it is within the ribosomal structure. Although the approach seems promising, the results are still too preliminary to permit a correlation between the distribution of the proteins on the ribosome and their function. 

Kurland, C.G. Ribosome structure and function emergent. Science 169, 1171-1177(1970)... 

Hunt, T., Prentis, S. and Tooze, J. (eds) (1983) DNA Makes RNA Makes Protein, Elsevier, Amsterdam Spirin, A. S. (1986) Ribosome Structure and Protein Biosynthesis, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park... 

J Transcription, ribosomal structure and biogenesis Cellular processes and signaling D Cell cycle control, cell division V Defense mechanisms T Signal transduction mechanisms M Cellwall/membrane biogenesis N Cell motility... 

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