Ribbons graphitic

Pt (5 wt%) supported on platelet and ribbon graphite nanofibers exhibited similar activities to those observed by Pt (25 wt°/o) on carbon black [138], This phenomenon was attributed to the crystallographic orientations adopted by the catalyst particles dispersed on graphitic nanofiber structures [139]. Also, the electrocatalysts supported on CNFs were less susceptible to CO poisoning than Pt supported on carbon black. 

Several different electrothermal atomizers such as carbon rod, graphite ribbon, graphite furnace, and metal loop atomizers, have been designed for AFS measurements. In general, the electrothermal atomization method is time-consuming and expensive with respect to flame atomization. It is, thus, appropriate to use electrothermal atomization only when the sample amount or analyte concentration restrict the use of flames or plasmas. 

Electrothermal vaporization can be used for 5-100 )iL sample solution volumes or for small amounts of some solids. A graphite furnace similar to those used for graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry can be used to vaporize the sample. Other devices including boats, ribbons, rods, and filaments, also can be used. The chosen device is heated in a series of steps to temperatures as high as 3000 K to produce a dry vapor and an aerosol, which are transported into the center of the plasma. A transient signal is produced due to matrix and element-dependent volatilization, so the detection system must be capable of time resolution better than 0.25 s. Concentration detection limits are typically 1-2 orders of magnitude better than those obtained via nebulization. Mass detection limits are typically in the range of tens of pg to ng, with a precision of 10% to 15%. 

Insulating substrate in ribbon heaters in combination with a pyrolytic graphite resistance heating element. 

Phenacenes are a family of graphite ribbons , where benzene rings are fused together in an alternating pattern. Phenanthrene is the simplest member of this family and other members include the 22-electron system picene (91), the 26-electron system fulminene (92), and the larger member of this family, the 30-electron [7]phenancene, with seven rings (93). ... 

Chlorination of Fe3C at temperatures of 400°C and above results in the formation of carbon and solid or gaseous iron chlorides. Three temperature regimes have been defined. Amorphous carbon is formed at temperatures of 400 500°C. Flakes and ribbons of nanocrystalline graphite form at 600 -... 

Wakabayashi K, Harigaya K (2003) Magnetic structure of nano-graphite Mobius ribbon. 

To reach the fantastic heights required by a space elevator, new materials are essential. Skyscrapers of today are usually composed of a steel framework, but steel is too heavy to use for the space elevator—the tower must be so high and needs so much material that it could not possibly support its own weight if it was made of steel. One possibility for a new material is related to the fullerenes discussed in the text. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes composed of sheets of graphites rolled into tiny cylinders with a diameter of roughly 0.00000004 inches (0.0000001 cm)—a nanometer. The structure and bonds of carbon nanotubes could potentially be used to create a material with about 50-100 times the strength of steel. A slender ribbon of carbon nanotube could be the key to bringing the dream of a space elevator into reality. 

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