Rheological sensor

It is not possible to discuss all the methods available for characterizing foods critically and systematically in a single volume. Methods pertaining to interfaces (food emulsions, foams, and dispersions), fluorescence, ultrasonics, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, Fourier-transform infrared and near infrared spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering, dielectrics, microscopy, rheology, sensors, antibodies, flavor and aroma analysis are included. 

Cohen-Tenoudji, F., Pardee, W. J., Tittmann, B. R., Ahlberg, L. A., and Elsley, R. K., A Shear Wave Rheology Sensor, IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelect. Freq. Conf., Vol. UFFC-34(2), 1987, 263. 

The process must be close-loop controlled, using either rheological (MFM), infrared, or ultrasonic sensors. 

Several applications can be found in literature regarding the use of NIR for the paediction of the main physical and rheological parameters of pasta and bread. De Temmerman et al. in 2007 proposed near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for in-line determination of moisture concentrations in semolina pasta immediately after the extrusion process. Several pasta samples with different moisture concentrations were extruded while the reflectance spectra between 308 and 1704 ran were measured. An adequate prediction model was developed based on the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method using leave-one-out cross-validation. Good results were obtained with R2 = 0,956 and very low level of RMSECV. This creates opportunities for measuring the moisture content with a low-cost sensor. 

Hyperbranched polymers find applications in rheology modifiers, processing additives, and coating applications as bulk materials, and as functional materials in catalysts, and sensors. ... 

All experiments that undergo edge failure, shear rate discontinuities, and slip should be discarded. However, it is often diflicult to avoid slip flow altogether. In this case, it is recommended to perform rheological evaluations below the critical shear rate or stress that trigger the slip phenomenon (see Fig. 37). If data are needed only for comparison purposes, all samples to be compared should be measured with exactly the same sensor tool under the same measuring conditions. 

The response of piezoelectric devices propagating shear horizontal acoustic plate modes (SH-APMs) has been modeled and experimentally characterized for variations in surface mass, liquid rheological properties, and solution dielectric coefficient and electrical conductivity. The nature of the SH-APM and its propagation characteristics are outlined and used to describe a range of Interactions at the solid/liquid interface. Sensitivity to sub-monolayer mass changes is demonstrated and a Cu sensor is described. The APM device is compared to the surface acoustic wave device and the quartz crystal microbalance for liquid sensing applications. 

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