Retinol adipose tissue

Friebe, D., Neef, M., Erbs, S. et al. 2011. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is primarily associated with adipose tissue mass in children. Int J Pediat Obes 6 e346-e352. 

Kelly, K. R., Kashyap, S. R., O Leary, V. B. et al. 2010. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein expression is increased in omental adipose tissue of severely obese patients. Obesity 18 663-666. 

Ku, Y. H., Han, K. A., Ahn, H. et al. 2010. Resistance exercise did not alter intramuscular adipose tissue but reduced retinol-binding protein-4 coneentration in individuals with type 2 diabetes meUitus. J Inti Med Res 38 782-791. 

Salgado-Somoza, A., Teijeira-Eemandez, E., Rubio, J. et al. 2012. Coronary artery disease is associated with higher epicardial retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and lower glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 levels in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Clin Endocrinol 76 51-58. 

Vitkova, M., Klimeakova, E., Kovaeikova, M. et al. 2007. Plasma levels and adipose tissue messenger ribonucleic acid expression of retinol-binding protein 4 are reduced during calorie restriction in obese subjects but are not related to diet-induced changes in insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 2330-2335. 

Wu, H., Wei, L., Bao, Y. et al. 2009. Fenofibrate reduces serum retinol-binding protein-4 by suppressing its expression in adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296 E628-E634. 

P-Carotene (provitamin A) is one of several naturally occurring precursors of vitamin A. Owing to inefficient intestinal conversion, only one-sixth of the dietary intake of 3-carotene is ultimately converted to retinol (Goodman, 1979). Additionally, as the amount of 3-carotene in the diet increases, the conversion to retinol decreases so that systemic vitamin A toxicity is not caused even by massive doses. A variable amount of 3-carotene is also absorbed unchanged from the intestine, enters into circulation, and is stored in adipose tissue. 

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