Retinal phototoxicity

Sensory systems Retinal phototoxicity with macular damage immediately after exposure to UV light in a 40-year-old myopic woman was attributed to the UV light, compounded by the photosensitizing effect of hydrochlorothiazide it gradually improved over 1 year after withdrawal [40 ]. 

Costagliola C, Menzione M, Chiosi F, Romano MR, Della Corte M, Rinaldi M. Retinal phototoxicity induced by hydrochlorothiazide after exposure to a UV tanning device. Photochem Photobiol 2008 84 (5) 1294-7. 

Rozanowski, B, Cuenco, J, Davies, S, Shamsi, FA, Zadlo, A, Dayhaw-Barker, P, Rozanowska, M, Sarna, T, and Boulton, ME, 2008c. The phototoxicity of aged human retinal melanosomes. Photochem Photobiol 84, 650-657. 

Retina. Phototoxic damage can occur in retinal pigment epithelial tissues, the choroid, and the rod outer segments, which contain the photoreceptors. If the damage is not extensive, repair mechanisms are present to allow for recovery of retinal tissues. However, extensive phototoxic damage to the retina can lead to permanent blindness (Glickman, 2002 Dayhaw-Barker, 2002 Dayhaw-Barker and Barker, 1986 Ham et al., 1982). 

The targets of photooxidative reactions may be proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and/or cell membranes (Straight and Spikes, 1985). In vitro tests can be designed to determine the specific sites of damage to the various ocular compartments (i.e., lens and retinal epithelial cells and photoreceptor cells) and the products of those reactions. Table 11.2 presents a summary of additional biochemical and photophysical techniques that can be performed to predict the potential for and extent of in vivo phototoxicity more accurately. 

Both phototoxic and photoallergic reactions occurred in patients receiving low doses of chlorpromazine and several other phenothiazine tranquillizers (Zelickson and Zeller 1964). High dosage and prolonged treatment can produce severe dermatitis that is frequently accompanied by darkening of the skin due to the deposition of melanin in lower layers of the dermis. Such patients may also suffer retinal damage, ocular opacity, and loss of vision. 

Industrial Applications For authentification" Safety/Toxicity Cytotoxicity " gastric toxicity neurotoxicity " phototoxicity retinal toxicity reproductive toxicity tumor necrosis factor activity ... 

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