Retinal peroxynitrite

Shibuki, H., Katai, N., Yodoi, J., Uchida, K., and Yoshimura, N. (2000). Lipid peroxidation and peroxynitrite in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 3607-3614. 

Complementary to vascular compromise and mechanically impaired axoplasmic flow, additional pathogenic mechanisms (Figures 30.3 30.4) that underlie glaucomatous optic neuropathy include excitotoxic damage from excessive retinal glutamate, peroxynitrite toxicity from increased nitric oxide synthase activity, immune-media ted nerve damage, and oxidative stress (Naskar and Dreyer, 2001). 

El-Remessy AB, Khalil IE, Matragoon S, Abou-Mohamed G, Tsai N-J, Roon P, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW, Green K, Liou GI (2003) Neuroprotective effect of (-)A9-tetrahydro-cannabinol and cannabidiol in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced retinal neurotoxicity involvement of peroxynitrite. Am J Pathol 163 1997-2008... 

One posttranslational aspect of regulation is redox control of P450 8A1. Peroxynitrite causes nitration of Tyr-430 [1850], causing inactivation due to steric hindrance of the active site [1851]. This nitration has been reported to be associated with enhanced retinal cell apoptosis in diabetes [1852]. 

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