Retention mechanisms interfacial adsorption

OV-275. For solutes retained solely by gas-liquid partitioning (e.g. nitromethane, dioxane and ethanol) on Carbowax 20M the plots have a zero slope. The n-alkanes are retained by a mixed retention mechanism on Carbowax 20M as indicated by the slope. The relatively large intercept is an indication that gas-liquid partitioning makes a significant contribution to the retention mechanism. Interfacial adsorption is important for all compounds on OV-275 and is dominant for the n-alkanes, which have a near zero intercept, indicating that gas-liquid partitioning is of minor importance to their retention. The lack of a reliable method to estimate the surface area of the liquid phase prevents Eq. (2.3) from being used to determine the gas-liquid adsorption coefficient. 

There are surprisingly few studies of the retention mechanism for open tubular columns but the theory presented for packed columns should be equally applicable. For normal film thicknesses open tubular columns have a large surface area/volume ratio and the contribution of interfacial adsorption to retention should be significant for those solutes that exhibit adsorption tendencies. Interfacial adsorption has been shown to affect the reproducibility of retention for columns prepared with nonpolar phases of different film thicknesses [322-324]. The poor reproducibility of retention index values for columns prepared from polar phases was demonstrated to be c(ue to interfacial... 

The retention mecheinism in gas-solid chromatography with vapor mobile phase is complex. Interfacial adsorption processes, influenced by coop-erativity and steric effects are the predominant mechanisms in addition, the bulk solubility may operate at high pressures (multilayer adsorption) of modifiers. Parcher, Lin eind Johnson [75] suggested the specific retention volume equation, which provides the first quantitative description for retention of one solute as a function of the surfoce coverage by a second component (modifier) ... 

Studies on mechanisms are described by Balzer [192]. In the case of anionics the residual oil in the injection zone is removed via displacement into the adjacent reservoirs ether carboxylates show their good adaptation to differences in temperature and salinity. Further it was found from interfacial tension measurements, adsorption and retention studies, and flooding tests that use of surfactant blends based on ether carboxylates and alkylbenzensulfonates resulted... 

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