Respiratory sensation

Guz A (1996) Respiratory sensations some clinical perspectives. In Eds Abrams L, Guz A (eds) Lung biology in health and disease, vol 90. Marcel Dekker, New York, 389-395... 

Vovt et al. 2007), Other respiratory sensations, such as tightness, air-hunger, sense of effort and sense of lung volume are not usually associated with cough. 

Davenport PW (2008) The urge-to-cough A respiratory sensation. In Chung KF, Widdicombe JG (eds) Pharmacology and therapeutics of cough. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol 187, Springer, Berlin (in press)... 

Vovk A, Bolser DC, Hey JA, Danzig M, Vickroy T, Berry R, Martin ADS, Davenport PW (2007) Capsaicin exposure elicits complex airway defensive motor patterns in normal humans in a concentration-dependent manner. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 20 423 32 Widdicombe JG (1954) Receptors in the trachea and bronchi of the cat. J Physiol 123 71-103 Widdicombe JG (1996) Sensory neurophysiology of the cough reflex 98 584-9 Widdicombe JG (2008) Lung afferent activity Implications for respiratory sensation. Respir Physiol Neurobiol... 

Clinical Cough I The Urge-To-Cough A Respiratory Sensation... 

Fig. 1 Neural areas identified as active in response to respiratory stimuli that elicit respiratory sensations (Banzett et al. 2000 Brannan et al, 2001 Davenport et al. 1996 Evans et al. 2002 Gozal et al. 1995, 1996 Isaev et al. 2002 Liotti et al. 2001 Logie et al. 1998 Mazzone et al. 2007 Peiffer et al. 2001 Simonyan et al. 2007)...

While PET and iMRI methods allow identification of neural areas activated by respiratory stimuli, these brain-imaging methods cannot discriminate between sensory and motor activation. The pattern of RREP peaks provides neural indicators of the temporal sequence of respiratory sensation. However, RREP studies provide limited information on the specific neural nuclei of the respiratory sensory pathways to the activated discriminative and affective cortices (Bloch-Salisbury and Harver 1994 Bloch-Salisbury et al. 1998 Davenport et al. 1986, 1996 Davenport and Hutchison 2002 Harver et al. 1995 Knafelc and Davenport 1997,1999 Logie et al. 1998 Revelette and Davenport 1990 Webster et al. 2002 Webster and Colrain 2000a, b Zhao et al. 2002). 

The results of the RREP, PET, and fMRl studies indicate common areas are activated by multiple respiratory modalities, suggesting convergent neural pathways for respiratory perception that can lead to specific respiratory sensations. The differences in brain activations with the different respiratory sensory modalities are likely due to the afferent systems activated. Each respiratory sensory modality has a unique convergent and divergent afferent input to the central nervous system and a unique temporal pattern of afferent activity. Despite well-known afferent responses to respiratory stimuli, it remains unknown which of the fMRI- and PET-imaged activated central neural structures are essential to produce specific respiratory sensations. 

Butler, J.E., A. Anand, M.R. Crawford, et al. 2001. Changes in respiratory sensations induced by lobeUne after human bilateral lung transplantation. /. Physiol. 534(Pt. 2) 583-593. 

Jaju, D.S., M.B. Dikshit, M.J. Agrawal, and N.A. Gupte. 1998. Comparison of respiratory sensations induced by J receptor stimulation with lobeline in left handers and right handers. Indian J. Med. Res. 108 291-295. 

Respiratory Sensation, edited by L. Adams and A. Guz Pulmonary Rehabilitation, edited by A. P. Fishman Acute Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, edited by J.-P. Derenne, W. A. Whiteiaw, and T. Simiiowski Environmental Impact on the Airways From Injury to Repair, edited by J. Chretien and D. Dusser... 

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