Respiratory inhalants

FIGURE 2-9. A respiratory inhalant is used to deliver a drug directly into the lungs. To deliver a dose of the drug, the patient takes a slow, deep breath while depressing the top of the canister, (fee Chapter 37 for more information on drugs given by inhalation.)... 

Respiratory inhalant use asthma Intranasal use seasonal or perennial rhinitis, prevention of recurrence of nasal polyps after surgical removal... 

Nedocromil (Tilade) [Anti-inflammatory/Respiratory Inhalant]... 

Mechanism of Action An intratracheal respiratory inhalant that splits the linkage of mucoproteins, reducingtheviscosityof pulmonary secretions.Tiierapeutic Effect Facilitates the removal of pulmonary secretions by coughing, postural drainage, mechanical means. Protects against acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacokinetics Protein binding 83% (injection). Rapidly and extensively metabolized in liver. Deacetylated by the liver to cysteine and subsequently metabolized. Excreted in urine. Half-life 5.6 hr (injection). 

Fluticasone is a respiratory inhalant combination. Fluticasone inhibits multiple cell types (e.g., mast cells) and mediator production or secretion (e.g., histamine) involved in the asthmatic response. Salmeterol produces bronchodi-lation by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle through beta-2-receptor stimulation. Indications they are indicated in... 

Toxicity of chemicals can be expressed in terms of IDLH (immediate danger to life and health) level, LCtso, REL (recommended exposure limit) and PEL (permissible exposure limit), and AEL (acceptable exposure Umit), among others. Physical and chenucal properties have direct influence on the behavior of a compound. For example, a vapor or liquid with high vapor pressure would create a respiratory inhalation hazard as the primary threat. Solids or low-volatility liquids may not produce a sufficieutly concentrated vapor to act as an inhalation threat. Their primary threat would be through direct contact. Specific hazards will dictate respective detection and evaluation methodologies. 

Respiratory Inhaled mannitol as a dry powder has been used to treat patients with cystic fibrosis, since it increases mucociliary clearance by rehydrating the airways. In 39 children with cystic fibrosis, aged 8-18 years, a bronchial provocation... 

Respiratory Inhalation of dust is corrosive to mucous membranes. Oxalates can be absorbed through the Innas. Svmntoms of... 

Respiratory Inhalation can cause a flu-Uke illness (metal fume fever). This 24- to 48 hour illness is characterized by chUls, fever, aching muscles, dryness in the mouth and throat, and headache. 

Skin Causes skin irritation. Respiratory Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory tract irritation. 

Respiratory Inhalation of dust may cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms from excessive inhalation of dust may include coughing and difficult breathing. Excessive contact is known to cause damage to the nasal septum. 

Skin Corrosive, Symptoms of redness, pain, and severe burn can occur. Respiratory Inhalation nroHnres... 

There have been a number of reports that surfactants and emusifying agents affect the spray characteristics particularly the size of droplets formed and the distribution of droplet sizes. A particularly important droplet index is the proportion of droplets with a diameter less than 100 urn since such droplets represent the upper limit of sizes subject to respiratory inhalation. When the proportion of such droplets is high hazards arise because breathing in spray mist causes intoxication. Furthermore, sprays with these characteristics are prone to drift and action on non-target areas is more difficult to control. 

Crude and essential oils are official in N.F. and F.C.C. In Germany, preparations of anise seed containing 5-10% essential oil are used as a respiratory inhalant, whereas Chinese star anise is used internally for peptic discomfort and catarrh (blumenthal 1). 

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