Respiratory disorders bronchiolitis

Although anticholinesterase agents can be used in the treatment of atony of the bladder and adynamic ileus, they are contraindicated in cases of mechanical obstruction of the intestine or urinary tract. Caution should also be used in giving these drugs to a patient with bronchial asthma or other respiratory disorders, since they will further constrict the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and stimulate respiratory secretions. 

Other disorders of the lower respiratory tract include emphysema (lung disorder in which the terminal bronchioles or alveoli become enlarged and plugged with mucus) and chronic bronchitis (chronic inflammation and possibly infection of die bronchi). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is die name given collectively to emphysema and chronic bronchitis because die obstruction to die airflow is present most of the time. Asdima diat is persistent and present for most of die time may also be referred to as COPD. 

Puimonary disorders Dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates, pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis, some resulting in respiratory failure and/or patient deaths, may be induced or aggravated by peginterferon alfa-2a or alpha interferon therapy. 

Buds of granulation tissue filling the distal airspaces (alveoli, alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles, bronchioles) constitute the histological hallmark of OP, with associated features including mild interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, type 11 cell hyperplasia, and intra-alveolar foamy macrophages (Pig. 3) (2,3,14,33). However, this elementary lesion is in no way specific and may be seen as a minor feature in other disorders such as infections, NSIP, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 

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