Resources increasing production from existing

The crane simulation is also performed within a few seconds. The size and the complexity depend on the problem instance. Since the number of batches is always fixed, the main factor affecting the number of binary variables is the number of maintenance jobs. It should be mentioned that each schedule optimization run also considers two previous batches that are already in production from a resource availability perspective. The initial situation based on the previous batches, defines the complexity. If the production is far from the ideal production cycle, the flexibility may be very low and the main task of the optimization is to increase the total throughput as fast as possible. At this point, the schedule is very sensitive to additional disturbances, which may directly affect the throughput. However, when an optimal production cycle has been reached, a rescheduling optimization may use the existing flexibility (for instance time buffers between the most critical steps) to minimize or to eliminate the throughput decrease caused by disturbances. 

A life-cycle assessment (LCA) chronicles the life of a commercial product from manufacture to disposal ( cradle to grave ) in order to estimate its true cost and, at the same time, to discover how the product s life cycle might be modified to increase profitability within the framework of existing laws and regulations. The familiar admonitions to reduce, reuse, recycle seek to apply LCA concepts to both ends of products life cycles by minimizing both inputs of natural resources and the amounts of waste products. When applied to toxic chemicals, an LCA examines the quantities of toxics used in manufacturing a product, the exposure of workers who make the product and of consumers who use it, and the environmental fate and transport of toxic chemicals after the product is disposed of. Pollution prevention is based on the life-cycle-assessment approach and has been embraced by many governments. 

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