Resonance thermal effects

Shreve A P and Mathies R A 1995 Thermal effects in resonance Raman-scattering—analysis of the Raman intensities of rhodopsin and of the time-resolved Raman-scattering of bacteriorhodopsin J. Phys. Chem. 99 7285-99... 

A disadvantage of the LR-CPMG detection method is its total insensitivity to field/frequency offset which must be adjusted before a profile measurement and cannot be corrected by means of a simple procedure during an automatic profile measurement. This requires a higher degree of longterm field stability (including any thermal effects) than the other methods. Despite the insensitivity of the technique, in fact, the field may not be allowed to drift too far from resonance where the RF pulses would lose their efficiency (excursions up to about 5 kHz are, however, quite tolerable). 

Fig. 2.5 An ion kinetic energy distribution of field desorbed He ions taken with a pulsed-laser time-of-flight atom-probe. In pulsed-laser stimulated field desorption of field adsorbed atoms, atoms are thermally desorbed from the surface by pulsed-laser heating. When they pass through the field ionization zone, they are field ionized. Therefore the ion energy distribution is in every respect the same as those in ordinary field ionization. Beside the sharp onset, there are also secondary peaks due to a resonance tunneling effect as discussed in the text. The onset flight time is indicated by to, and resonance peak positions are indicated by arrows. Resonance peaks are pronounced only if ions are collected from a flat area of the...

The third-harmonic generation method has the advantage that it probes purely electronic nonlinearity. Therefore, orientational and thermal effects as well as other dynamic nonlinearities derived from excitations under resonance condition are eliminated (7). The THG method, however, does not provide any information on the time-response of optical nonlinearity. Another disadvantage of the method is that one has to consider resonances at oj, 2w and 3o> as opposed to degenerate four wave mixing discussed below which utilizes the intensity dependence of refractive index and where only resonances at a) and 2a) manifest. 

Toolson, E.C., White, T. R. and Glaunsinger, W. S. (1979). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of spin-labelled cuticle of Centruroides sculpturatus (Scorpiones Buthidae) correlation with thermal effects on cuticular permeability. 

It is a well-known fact that, as the size of a metal particle is decreased, the overlap of the bands of valence electrons, with which we are mainly concerned, diminishes, and finally they are replaced by discrete energy levels characteristic of the isolated atom. This results in the loss of electrical conductivity and in the Mie plasmon resonance, an effect that has been noted with the AU55 and smaller clusters, on the basis of which they were described above as being molecular . The extent of band overlap is temperature-sensitive because of thermal excitation, i.e. bands tend to convert to levels as temperature falls thus metallic properties may be seen at high temperature and insulator properties at low temperature. As an approximate guide we may take the relation... 

AIMD simulations appear as a promising tool for a first-principles modeling of enzymes. Indeed, they enable in situ simulations of chemical reactions furthermore, they are capable of tEiking crucial thermal effects [53] into account finally, they automatically include many of the physical effects so difficult to model in force-field based simulations, such as polarization effects, many-body forces, resonance stabilization of aromatic rings and hydration phenomena. 

In contrast to the resonance in KCl, no resonance was detected with KBr or KOH targets. However, the metal itself gave a greater effect than expected. The kinetic energy of the nuclear reaction is about four times that required to eject an atom from its lattice site in the metal, and it would appear from the experiments that there is an extremely rapid recovery from the local thermal effects due to this radiation damage. 

For devices the important classes of nonlinear materials are (i) molecular and polymeric materials, (ii) multiple quantum well semi-conductors, (hi) bulk semiconductors and (iv) semiconductor doped glasses. Of these classes, organic polymeric structures have shown the largest non-resonant x - Important nonlinearities observed in inorganic semiconductor materials are in a narrow wavelength region determined by excitonic resonances. Therefore, these nonlinearities are resonant, slower in response and produce thermal effects. 

In case of small detector areas fluctuations of the local position of the laser spot on the detector will cause fluctuations of the measured output signal. These beam instabilities can be caused by thermal effects of the laser resonator which might result in a small tilt of the resonator mirrors, or by inhomogeneous heating of the active laser medium, which leads to thermal lens effects and affects the stability of the laser beam. 

Shellock, F. G., D. J. Schaefer, W. Grunfest, and J. V. Crues, 1987, Thermal effects of high-held (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of the spine clinical experience above a specific absorption rate of 0.4 W/kg, Acta Radiologica, suppl. 369 514-516. 

The high thermal stability of a polydimethylsiloxane rubber is really a reflection of the good stability of the bonds involved (Si—O, Si—C, C—H) and lack of weak bonds rather than any special outstanding feature. A rather different situation exists with the exceptionally stable m-carborane-siloxane elastomers due to a resonance stabilization effect. 

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