Resolution transmission electron microscop

Key Words—Carbon nanotubes, vapor-grown carbon fibers, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, graphite structure, nanotube growth mechanism, toroidal network. 

Figure 9. (a) High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of an outer part of a nanocrystalline diamond particle and (b) enlargement of the left-hand side of (a). 

The size of Ti-Beta particles was determined with the high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). After 28 hours of hydrothermal treatment they grew to... 

The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of a two-layer Tl-1223 film are shown in Fig. 7.12, which confirms the epitaxial nature of the annealed electrodeposited films. All films showed a significant amount of intergrowth, as shown by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) measurement in Figs. 7.12c and d of a representative two-layer... 

Mann, S. Cornell, R.M. Schwertmann, U. (1985) The influence of aluminium on iron oxides XII. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) study of aluminous goethites. Clay Min. 20 255-262 Mann, S. Perry, C.C. Webb, J. Luke, B. Wil-liams, R.J.P. (1986) Structure, morphology, composition and organization of biogenic minerals in limpet teeth. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 

Fig. 9.2. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopic (HRTEM) image of Au nanoparticles stabilized by dodecanethiol ligand molecules after SMAD and digestive ripening procedure. (Reprinted from Stoeva, S. et al J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003,107,7441-7448, Fig. 11(c), by permission of the American Chemical Society, copyright 2002, American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 9.4. High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of aerogel prepared AP-MgO. (Reprinted with permission from Richards, R. etal., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 4921-4925, Fig. 2, copyright (2000) American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 9.5. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic image of AP-MgAI204. The arrows indicate the MgO sandwiched between Boehmite planes. (Medine, G.M. et al J. Mater. Chem., 2004,14,757-763, Fig. 2. Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.)...

A "direct" observation of individual atoms is achieved in atomic resolution transmission electron microscopes (AR-TEM), in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and in the atomic force microscope (AFM) (5, 4). While AR-TEM are large machines with very high voltage (6 x 105 to 106 volts) applied to an electron-transparent small object, STM and AFM are small devices with ultrasensitive tip positioning mechanics that is suited for flat or near-flat objects and will... 

Figure 6. Electron microscope images. (A) Vertically aligned multiwalled CNT arrays with length about 1 pm. (B) Collapsed CNT arrays after purification process. (C) CNT arrays with SOG after purification and tip opening process. (D) High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of an opened CNT end. From reference 69.

Figure 1. High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of goethite from weathered amphibole. Note the nanometer-scale porosity that separates oriented nanociystals. Similar aggregates were reported by Smith et al. (1983, 1987) in botiyoidal goethite (Banfield and Barker, unpublished data).

Figure 9. High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of most of the interior of an 4 nm diameter ZnS particle produced as the result of activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The image details show that the particle consists of a mixture of wurtzite and sphalerite-like regions. Unit cell axes are shown for the wurtzite region (Banfield et al., unpublished).

It is probably true that the as formed na noparticles do not contain dislocations (see Waychunas, this volume). However, high-resolution transmission electron microscope studies show that nanocrystals (e g., 3 nm size) certainly do contain dislocations, twins, and stacking faults. These may arise due to mistakes during atom-by-atom coarsening of primary nanoparticles. However, a more obvious source is evident. 

Over the past 10 years, more crystallization systems supporting the solid-phase mechanism have been reported. Remarkable examples included Tsapatsis s study on the crystallization of zeolite L by using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) technique in 1996 [23] Serrano s study on the crystallization of TS-1 by using a couple of spectral techniques in 1996[24] and on the crystallization of pure silica zeolite beta under the presence of F [25] and Uguina s study on the crystallization of TS-2 by using multiple techniques.[26] The commonly used dry-gel synthesis of zeolites in recent years (DGC and SAC, see Section 3.2.5, Sub-section Dry Gel Conversion in Chapter 3) partially confirms the rationality of the solid-phase mechanism. 

Fig. 8 (A) Coexistence of a VGCF and an SWNT (with a diameter of about 20 nm) obtained by the catalytic decomposition of benzene. (From Ref l) The deposition of a partial carbon layer on a carbon nanotube during the thickening process is observed. (B) Double-walled carbon nanotube (obtained by benzene decomposition) and subsequently heat treated at 2800 °C, yielding the same structure as nanotubes prepared by the arc method. (From Ref l) Insert is a schematic diagram of DWNTs. (From Ref (C) Fligh-resolution transmission electron microscope image of two crossing SWNTs coated with amorphous carbons indicates that the structure consists of an individual graphene cylinder in projection. (From Ref. . )...

Fig. 11 (A) High-resolution transmission electron microscope image of a distorted SWNT and (B) a computer simulated model. This image shows the high flexibility of carbon nanotube. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

---