Resistant micro-organism, ability

Resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial treatment is a major concern in veterinary medicine, just as in human medicine. Antimicrobial resistance negatively impacts both the current use and future development of pharmaceuticals for animals. For sick animals, antimicrobial resistance directly impairs the success of treatment to control disease. This can affect the prognosis and suffering for an individual animal and often the productivity, survival, and economic returns for an entire herd. Resistance may make it difficult to find effective, already approved drugs as active controls for preapproval clinical trials. The ability of resistant micro-organisms to move between humans and animals raises serious public health concerns. 

The ability of micro-organisms to produce pectic enzymes in vitro constitutes no proof of their pathogenicity. Some micro-organisms produce pectic enzymes on synthetic-nutrient media, but do not always possess the ability to produce them in vivo. An important role is here played by the susceptibility or resistance of the plant to the effect of the pathogen. Production of D-galacturonanase and pectines-terase by Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici was found to be much higher on susceptible than on resistant tomato-stems.287 Likewise,... 

Azauracil [1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2,4)-dione] inhibits the growth of various micro-organisms. When grown in the presence of 6-azauracil- -C, Streptococcus jaecalis accumulates radioactive metabolites in the acid-soluble fraction of the cells. A major metabolite is D-ribofuranosyl-6-aza-uracil. This material is identical with material prepared by condensing tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosyl chloride with the mercuric derivative of 6-azauracil, followed by debenzoylation. A second major metaboUte was tentatively shown to be D-ribosyl-6-azauracil 5-phosphate. Bacteria develop resistance against 6-azauracil and its D-ribosyl derivative. Resistant Streptococcus faecalis will not convert 6-azauracil to its D-ribosyl derivative or to other bound forms, and the bacterium has also lost the ability to incorporate uracil into the nucleic acids of its cells. 

The micro-organisms must have stable resistances to the sterilization treatment which they are being used to validate. There are data from commercial suppliers of Bis to show that spores of B. stearothermophilus survive and retain stable resistances over long periods of crudely controlled storage. The micro-organisms must be easily culturable and preferably be easily identifiable in culture. Very few micro-organisms share with B. stearothermophilus the ability to grow in simple culture media at 55-60°C. 

Resistance The ability of a micro-organism to remain unharmed by an antimicrobial agent. 

By definition, a barrier is something that hinders or restricts it may be something that impedes entry or passage or it may be something that stops or prevents passage. Therefore, fabric barrier properties can be defined as the ability of a material to resist the penetration of liquids and/or micro-organisms, referred to as strike-through . 

Antibiotics may be defined as secondary metabolites of micro-organisms. In contrary to primary metabolites (proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids) which play an essential role in the growth and multiplication of cells secondary metabolites are of no importance in that respect. Antibiotics dispose of a relative low molecular mass and the ability to exhibit microbistatic or microbicidal efficacy in/on other microbe species by impairing the cell wall biosynthesis, the cytoplasmic membrane, the oxidative phophorylation. Because of there extremely high antimicrobial activity antibiotics are mainly used as chemotherapeuticals however, some antibiotics are also used in the food industry for the protection of food against deterioration e.g. Nisin (20.11.1.), Pimaricin (20.11.2.). But these applications will be more and more restricted or even completely banned as microbes may acquire resistance which represents a severe problem in chemotherapy with antibiotics. Acquired resistance is a consequence of the selection pressure on a microbe population in the presence of microbicides. Chemotherapy with an antibiotic the application of which has led to the selection of mutant resistant organisms is no longer successful. 

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