Resistance development changes

The photoresponsive properties of molecular glasses also have been applied in the design of resists for semiconductor lithography. In a resist, irradiation changes the solubility of the materials, making it more or less soluble (positive or negative resist, respectively). The search for new resist materials follows the development of lithographic techniques toward deep-UV and electron beam... 

The output trace from the laser end-point detection system for a typical resist development cycle is depicted in Figure 9. The temporal distance between maxima can be related to a change in resist thickness through Equation 11... 

In relatively recent years, it has become clear that under-nntrition of mother leads to low birth weight of the baby and this can increase the risk of development of degenerative disease in later life, e.g. hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes. One hypothesis is that the foetus adapts meta-bolically to deficiencies by increasing the number of cells in organs that perform specific functions that can overcome the deficiency, e.g. an increase in the number of liver cells that carry out gluconeogenesis, an increase in cells in the adrenal cortex to produce more of the chronic stress hormone, cortisol. These changes are carried over into adnlthood which can lead to an inadequate response of the liver to insulin so that insulin resistance develops. So far, however, it is unclear whether deficiencies in specific nntrients or undemutrition per se are responsible for snch changes (Chapter 15). 

As with any radical step, the main obstacle to its implementation is the normal human resistance to change. In order to overcome this it is vital that chemists who are developing new processes be as fully conversant with SDRs as with their beakers and flasks. There is therefore a latent market for miniature versions of this equipment throughout the world s industrial and teaching laboratories. Once the cultural block is overcome and company decisionmakers fully appreciate the breadth of impact in prospect, then the process industry will be fully prepared to meet the challenges of the new century. 

Farmers realize the long-term consequences of applying similar herbicides frequently and make proactive decisions to change herbicide use and other weed control practices to delay resistance development. 

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