Resins extracted from wood during

We discussed two tall oil extraction patents earlier, and we related that tall oil is the material that derives from wood pulping and that it consists of a mixture of resin acids, fatty acids, and neutrals. Fatty acids are present in trees in primarily triglyceride form, and the triglycerides are saponified to fatty acids during pulping, so we wonder if the patentee means triglycerides are extracted instead of fatty acids. As we develop later, we wonder about many other things that he relates. 

For historical reasons, pine resin was known as Naval Stores , because of its use in the waterproofing of wooden ships. Depending on the way pine resin is isolated from wood, three products are distinguished, namely (i) gum naval stores, obtained by tapping living trees (ii) sulphate naval stores, also known as tall oil rosin, recovered during the kraft pulping of pine wood and (iii) wood naval stores, also known as wood rosin, obtained from the solvent extraction of harvested wood. 

The resin acids present in pulps, particularly those from softwood, have also been found to be significantly toxic to aquatic organisms. The amount in wood varies greatly between species (Table 10.4). Between 0.3 and 3.6 kg/tonne is extracted during pulping. 

In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the distillation and extraction of plant and animal materials were the characteristic chemical operations of pharmacy. The focus of chemical-pharmaceutical practice was on the extraction of oils and juices and on the distillation of aqueous and oily substances from plants or vegetable materials such as herbs, blossoms, fruits, seeds, woods, resins, and balsams. However, in the sixteenth century Paracelsus and his followers began to use more frequently minerals as a source of medicines in addition to vegetable and animal substances. What was at first only a sporadic production of new chemical prepara-tions eventually induced a fundamental change in pharmacy. During the seventeenth century, preparations of mineral acids and salts surfaced as an important sector of chemical-pharmaceutical practice. This new commercial chemical practice spurred a process of reflection that contributed to the formation of the modem concept of the chemical compound. 

Furfural has been used to extract color bodies from crude wood rosins. One of the earliest uses of furfural was as a solvent and processing aid for coal and coal products. Furfural has been used as a reactive solvent with pulverized phenolic resin in the manufacture of resin-bonded abrasive grinding wheels. The furfural serves as a plasticizer and wetting agent in the resin mix which is cold molded and cured during a baking cycle. Furfural becomes a reacted component in the final resin structure. 

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