Residence time in the ion source vacuum chamber

FLASH PHOTOLYSIS WITH TIME-RESOLVED MASS SPECTROMETRY 

Since at t = 0, pj = 0 (no reactant has entered the vacuum chamber at t = 0), the solution of this equation is 

Gas flow through the sampling orifice is of interest since its volume rate of flow determines the size of vacuum pumps necessary for the mass spectrometer. In addition, orifice flow behaves as a first-order removal process that can lead to erroneous kinetics if it is too large. The perturbation of flow in the reactor has been discussed in Section IV.B. 

Empirical analyses of flow-through sharp-edged orifices have been discussed in the literature [45,46], From dimensional analysis the volumetric flow rate, qlt can be expressed as [46] 

in general, T = /(Re, Kn, y). For the very large pressure differentials 

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