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From a legal perspective, implementation is also a locus of increased risk in the new TANF welfare world of the US. Seldom are entitlements for TANF assistance fully defined by a caseworker during the first assessment. Further fact checking and verification is always required. TANF places increased importance on accurate assessments for the welfare of TANF households since the prospect of judicial relief is diminished for households because cash public assistance is no longer an entitlement in the US. The myriad consequences of TANF implementation is an important, but complex and arcane, area of law and economic research (Riccucci 2005). [Pg.393]

Some of your research, whether searching for people, fact checking, or just trying to get a handle on a subject, will inevitably be done by phone. Be as prepared as possible for these calls. Knowing as much as you can (within time limitations) about the person you re calling and his or her area of expertise will sharpen your questions and make the call more productive. Be careful to use a professional tone and respectful manner. [Pg.123]

The discussion that follows treats the hydrahon of each of these ions in turn. These are current research problems, and current research opinion is nonuniform. At the least, quasi-chemical treatments can serve as initial physical theories -sanity checks - and subsequent refinements can be seen in the light of a primitive physical theory. For the purposes of this book, the focus on these important ions is jushfied by the fact that they are likely to be tricky cases, and this permits us to investigate quasi-chemical theories in situations that make different demands on the theory than the simplest metal ions do. [Pg.200]

Developing an assay that measures the translocation or the flux of a substrate is more difficult the smaller the compartments. The difficulty peaks when it comes to detecting transport or ion channel function of a translocator in proUs. Some of the trouble results from the fact that with prolis the researcher does not know at which step the experiment failed. Was the translocator not incorporated into prolis in the correct conformation and orientation or was the flux protocol not suitable In addition, ion channels involve quick fluxes and rare membrane proteins (see Table 4.2). Often only few of the vesicles contain an ion channel. The experimenter has to distinguish the flux in this small volume from the nonspecific flux in the large remainder of the vesicle population. It helps a little bit to check whether other properties of the translocator were reconstituted (e.g., enzyme activity or binding sites). However, there is not necessarily a connection often (for example) a binding site of the translocator is reconstituted but not its translocation function. The question remains open whether the reconstitution failed or the flux assay was unsuitable. In the development of a flux assay, the following controls should be carried out independently of the type of compartment and translocator. [Pg.100]

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is the simplest of organosilicone elastomers. PDMS was commercially developed by Dow Coming in the 1960 s. It possesses inertness and usefiil mechanical properties, and can also be readily made into various desired shapes for medical items including prostheses of different bone and soft tissue elements (in surgery), and ancillary components such as tubes, catheters, shunts and dmg carriers. In addition, PDMS has shown good compatibility in clinical research.(7) So it has been a very usefiil synthetic polymer in medicine. In fact, silicone polymers are often employed in checking the biocompatibility of new polymers. Furthermore, organosilicones comprise an important class of compounds used in resins, and room temperature and heat-cured robber industrial and consumer products. [Pg.138]

The results of the optimization procedure can be the basis for further decision processes. They can optimize on several expected market situations and the respective consequences. In this case, the formal methods provide the presented functionality, but they have to be adapted to the individual application in order to perform efficiently. This is due to the fact, that an optimization operation is even more difficult from a computational point of view than a consistency check. Therefore, it is even more sensitive to the given product model. As a consequence, research towards a general approach for optimization of complex products is needed. Furthermore, there is currently no standard mechanism for the specification of the input parameters like the costs for the product model or the sales figures. [Pg.509]

NTH analyses typically produce large amounts of output data. This problem is related to the fact that there is no consensus yet on the verification procedures. Once the verification procedures are well established, it will be a lot easier for commercial and research software to contain automatic design checks. [Pg.329]

In other words, the researchers in natural sciences, observing the objective reality, should propose equations by which linking the causes (and they must often be intuited) with the observed effects, then to solve these equations (and often this can not be in an exact way), then check the solutions obtained in concrete cases (and an equation with a viable solution have to cover a large number of phenomena observed), and finally to compare the numerical values obtained with those observed (in fact measured by experiment-and there appeared again a big problem, that of the measured phenomenon objectivity when it is isolated or challenged... [Pg.81]

All other court proceedings were in favour of the project and became non-appealable early in 1986. Even the Federal Constitutional Court was appealed to, twice. The judgements were both in support of SNR-300. With this, SNR-300 was undoubtedly the mostly checked and re-checked project in the world. The results were always positive. However, neither this fact nor the fact that this project had already cost the taxpayer a conaderable amount of money (about 5 Billion DM) had led to its successful completion, and this primarily because the political parties involved had differing opinions on the final research benefits of a technology with such an incomparable potential as a future ener source. [Pg.116]


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