Reproduction processes

Testosterone promotes muscle growth deepening of the voice the growth of body hair and other male secondary sex characteristics Testosterone is formed from cholesterol and IS the biosynthetic precursor of estradiol the principal female sex hormone or estrogen Estradiol is a key substance m the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the reproductive process It is the hormone most responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics... 

The secondary biological cycles stem from the crucial roles that phosphates and particularly organophosphates play in all life processes. Thus organophosphates are incorporated into the backbone structures of DNA and RNA which regulate the reproductive processes of cells, and they... 

The female of mammalian species secretes a series of steroid hormones characterized by an aromatic A ring and the lack of a side chain at the 17 position. These compounds serve as regulators in the reproductive processes of the species. The name (estrogens) comes from the fact that in some lower animals the elaboration of this type of compound is directly involved with the phe-... 

The double helix model provides a simple explanation for cell division and reproduction. In the reproduction process, the two DNA chains unwind from each other. As this happens, a new matching chain of DNA is synthesized on each of the original ones, creating two double helices. Since the base pairs in each new double helix must match in the same way as in the original, the two new double helices must be identical to the original. Exact replication of genetic data is thereby accomplished, however complex that data may be. 

Doty R.L., ed. (1976). Mammalian Olfaction, Reproductive Processes and Behavior. Academic Press, New York, p. 344. 

Menopause is biological evidence of aging in women. The absence of menstruation is clinical evidence of the inability of individual females to reproduce. However, what seems to be bad news is in fact proof that individual women can protect themselves. The reproductive process in the female is a very demanding one, and, consequently, nature has provided a mechanism to interrupt reproductive activity when biologic structures giving support to pregnancy enter the aging process. Conversely, in the male, whose participation in reproduction is limited both in time and resources, such a limitative mechanism does not exist. 

Beauchamp, G.K., Doty, R.L., Moulton, D.G. and Mugford, R.A. (1976) The pheromone concept in mammalian chemical communication. In Doty R.L. (Ed.), Mammalian Olfaction, Reproductive Processes and Behaviour. Academic Press, New York, pp 143-160. 

Another aspect of the sex pheromone communication system concerns the endogenous signals that control pheromone production and release from the emitting insect. A number of hormones have been found to be involved in the control of pheromone production in various insect species (18). Juvenile hormone was found to induce vitellogenesis and sex pheromone production in some cockroach and beetle species. However, ecdysteroids were found to be involved in regulating reproductive processes, including vitellogenin synthesis, in dipteran species. 

The key role of money in the reproduction process is addressed by using some of the insights provided by Michal Kalecki. He was schooled in the... 

However, by locating equation (4.23) in the reproduction schema, the role that the multiplier plays in the reproduction process is explained. Increments in demand, represented by new capital, and financed by the advance of credit money, are the driving force of economic activity. Moreover, this injection of money provides the demand impetus and monetary wherewithal for firms to use up inventories and replace them. Reproduction is oiled by the injection of money demand, the outcome being the replacement of inputs and the expanded reproduction of the system once additional inputs are in place. Income is both sustained and increased in this reproduction process. By focusing on Marx s reproduction schema, a logical attempt can be made to marry increments in income with the reproduction of income in a multiplier framework. 

The stagnation in the market, which is glutted with cotton cloth, hampers the reproduction process of the weaver. This disturbance first affects his workers. Thus they are now to a smaller extent, or not at all, consumers of his commodity - cotton cloth - and of other commodities which entered into their consumption. 

In February 1997, the Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute announced the birth of a cloned sheep called Dolly in July 1996. They had removed the nucleus from the egg cell of a sheep and replaced it with the nucleus from an adult sheep. Dolly was born from a surrogate mother sheep and is an exact clone of the adult sheep, unlike offspring from the reproductive process, in which the offspring inherits the genes from both parents. 

The two areas of the reproductive process that animal studies focus on are general reproductive effects and developmental effects. 

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