Renal tumors mortality

An increased incidence of renal tumors (7 out of 25 combined adenomas and carcinomas) was observed in male Swiss mice fed 0.1% basic lead acetate in the diet for 2 years (Van Esch and Kroes 1969). No renal tumors were found in the control animals. One female in the 1.0% treatment group had a renal tumor. The authors attributed the low tumor incidence in the 1.0% group to early mortality. The cancer effects levels described above are recorded in Table 2-4 and plotted in Figure 2-2. 

High mortality was reported in male rats that received 1,4-dichlorobenzene 5 days a week by gavage in com oil in a 2-year study (NTP 1987). At 300 mg/kg/day, 26 of 50 males (52%) died however, survival of female rats at 600 mg/kg/day was comparable to controls. There was no excess mortality in mice of either sex that received 1,4-dichlorobenzene 5 days a week by gavage in com oil for 2 years at levels up to 600 mg/kg/day (NTP 1987). The high rate of mortality in male rats was probably related, in part, to the severe nephrotoxic effects and renal tumors that were reported in these animals and are described in more detail in Sections 2.22.2 and 2.2.2.8. 

Renal carcinoma continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Table 16.12). Last year, approximately 54,000 new renal tumor patients were diagnosed and 13,000 deaths were ascribed to renal cancer in the United States. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common neoplasm in American males and the ninth most common neoplasm in females. There is a twofold to threefold male predominance of RCC incidence but no obvious racial predilection. Recognized risk factors include tobacco smoking, obesity (body mass index >29 may double the risk of RCC) and acquired or hereditary polycystic diseases. The classic clinical presentation symptom triad of flank pain, hematuria, and palpable mass is no longer the... 

Cancer. Increased incidences of relatively rare renal tubular cell adenomas and carcinomas were observed in male rats, but the increases were not statistically significant by the Fisher Exact test or the Cochran-Armitage test (NTP 1986). When adjusted for mortality, however, the increased incidences were significantly different from control in the high-dose males when analyzed by the Lifetable test and significant for dose-related trend by the Lifetable and the Incidental Tumor tests. 

In the prospective Swiss Analgesic Study the risk of bac-teriuria was about three times higher in those who abused analgesics heavily than in matched controls (51). The primary causes of mortality in this study were tumors and cardiovascular disease only 7.5% died from primary renal disease due to pyelonephritis. 

Kliem V, Thon W, Krautzig S, Kolditz M, Behrend M, Pichimayr R, Koch KM, Frei U, Brunkhorst R. High mortality from urothelial carcinoma despite regular tumor screening in patients with analgesic nephropathy after renal transplantation.TranspI Int 1996 9 231-235. 

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