Renal failure, acute electrolyte balance

Major differences exist between the metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte management of patients with acute versus chronic kidney disease (CKD). For example, positive nitrogen balance is more difficult to achieve in patients with acute renal failure (ARF) due to the increased rate of protein catabolism. Additionally, patients with acute renal failure are more likely to develop hyperglycemia during nutritional support and frequently are dialyzed by modalities that are not used commonly for the patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Because of these differences, the nutritional management of patients with ARF is discussed separately. 

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