Reinforced concrete structures earthquake

The RSSF would probably be a reinforced concrete structure designed to withstand earthquakes, etc. 

The Japanese are also active in the application of fibre reinforced plastics to reinforced concrete structures to improve their earthquake resistance. Kabatake et al [22] reported on 14 cases in which chimneys were retrofitted with fibre reinforced plastics and were judged by the Building Disaster Prevention Association of Japan to be one of the most effective retrofitting methods. In this retrofitting programme, carbon fibre tapes impregnated with an epoxy resin were wound and adhered to the exterior of the chimney. Sumida et al [ 23] have described experiences with aramid reinforced... 

AE techniques have been extensively studied in concrete engineering for approximately five decades (Ruesch 1959). They are applied to practical applications (Ohtsu 1987) and are standardized in the code (NDIS2421 2000). This is because the increase in aging structures and disastrous damages due to recent earthquakes urgently demand for maintenance and retrofit of reinforced concrete structures in service. It results in the need for the development of advanced and effective inspection techniques. Thus, AE techniques draw a great attention to diagnostic applications in concrete. 

Zhou W et al (2011) Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete structures affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, https //nees.org/warehouse. p 21... 

Tran T, Wallace JW (2012) Experimental study of nonlinear flexural and shear deformations of reinforced concrete structural walls. In Proceedings of the 15th world conference on earthquake engineering, Lisbon... 

Dolsek, M. Fajfar, P. 2005. Simplified non-linear seismic analysis of infilled reinforced concrete frames. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34(l) 49-66. 

Reinforced Concrete Structures in Earthquake-Resistant Construction... 

Reinforced Concrete Structures in Earthquake-Resistant Construction, Fig. 1 Building with two-way frame system and foundation through (a) footings with two-way tie-beams and (b) two-way foimdatitm beams... 

Reinforced Concrete Structures in Earthquake-Resistant Construction, Fig. 4 Soft-story mechanism due to plastic hinges in the columns of a frame (left) and pancake type of collapse (right)... 

Reinforced Concrete Structures in Earthquake-Resistant Construction, Fig. 7 Schematic plan view of wall section... 

In most of the analyses of multi-storey structures subjected to earthquake excitatirMt, the effects of the combination of gravitatirMtal forces and lateral displacement are ignored. Such effects are often referred as second-order effects. The reason behind overlooking the second-order effects can be explained by the fact that traditionally, in low-rising reinforced concrete structures where... 

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