Regulatory gene sequences

Consensus sequence For a group of nucleotide or amino acid sequences that show similarity but are not identical (e.g., the sequences for a family of related regulatory gene sequences), an artificial sequence that is compiled by choosing at each position the residue that is found there mot often in the sequences under study. 

Chandler, V.R. et al.. Two regulatory genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous isolation of B using R genomic sequences. Plant Cell, 1, 1175, 1989. 

Transcription initiation in procaryotes is controlled via promoters and regulatory DNA sequences located near the promoter. The role of the promoter is to provide a defined association site for the RNA polymerase and to correctly orient it. The binding of the RNA polymerase to its promoter is controlled by the sigma factor, a component of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme. The sigma factor selects which genes are to be transcribed by specifically recognizing the promoter sequence and structure and by allowing the RNA polymerase to form a transcription-competent complex at the transcription start site. 

Makino, K. Shinagawa, H. Amemura, M. Nakata, A. Nucleotide sequence of the phoR gene, a regulatory gene for the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol., 192, 549-556 (1986)... 

Chopra, A.K. Peterson, J.W. Prasad, R. Cloning and sequence analysis of hydrogenase regulatory genes (hydHC) from Salmonella typhimurium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1129, 115-118 (1991)... 

The receptor protein (52 kDa) is a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily, which has a DNA-binding as well as ligand-binding domain. Another receptor, the retinoid X receptor is also involved, and after binding of the peroxisome proliferator, the two receptors form a heterodimer. This binds to a regulatory DNA sequence known as the peroxisome proliferator response element. The end result of the interaction between peroxisome proliferators and this system is that genes are switched on, leading to increases in synthesis (induction) of both microsomal and peroxisomal enzymes and possibly hyperplasia. 

Each steroid hormone diffuses across the plasma membrane of its target cell and binds to a specific cytosolic or nuclear receptor. These receptor-ligand complexes accumulate in the nucleus, dimerize, and bind to specific regulatory DIMA sequences (hormone-response elements) in association with coactivator proteins, thereby causing promoter activation and increased transcription of targeted genes. 

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