Regulations of solvents

Figure 3.42. Maintenance of raffinate outlet concentration, by regulation of solvent flow rate.

Because of high energy costs and increasing regulation of solvents used in conventional distillation, alternative extraction and crystallization methods are now more frequently used. Furthermore, supercritical extraction combines the characteristics of both distillation and extraction it is efficient, clean, and is able to extract substances which are difficult to separate by other unit operations. Thus it has recently become an attractive possibility for many separations. 

Auto conversion from ferrous to aluminum castings Increased use of particleboard by construction industry Regulation of solvents ... 

Regulation of Solvent Formation in C. acetobutylicum 345 Genetic Tools for Clostridial Species 346 Industrial Application of ABE Fermentation 353 Acknowledgments 355 References 355... 

Girbal, L. and Soucaille, P. (1998) Regulation of solvent production in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Trends Biotechnol, 16, 11-16. 

Bertram, J., Kuhn, A., and Durre, P. (1990) Tn916-induced mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum defective in regulation of solvent formation. Arch. Microbiol, 153, Sl i-Sn. 

Because of today s concern with environmental pollution, chemical composition limitations of solvent formulations have been adopted by many state and local governmental agencies in the more highly industrialized areas of the country. These rules and regulations seriously affect the use of many solvents, and solvent blends must be reformulated to conform to the maximum allowable concentrations of the restricted solvents. It is necessary for the solvent user to acquaint himself with the governmental regulations of solvent use in his particular locale. 

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