Regulation of phosphatidylserine

REGULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE BIOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT IN MAMMALIAN CELLS... 

Hasegawa, K., Kuge, O., Nishijima, M., and Akamatsu, Y., 1989, Isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary ceU mutant with altered regulation of phosphatidylserine biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 264 19887-19892. 

The control of the processes of phosphohpid translocation and scrambling by cytoplasmic calcium concentration is known to be one factor in regulating the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. There is now evidence that other factors are involved in modulating membrane phospholipid distribution and for preserving phospholipid homeostasis. Current research is directed to clarify the role of these agents and to establish any connections with the initiation of apoptosis. 

Zhao, J., Zhou, Q., Wiedmer, T. and Sims, P.J., 1998a, Level of expression of phosphohpid scramblase regulates induced movement of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface. J. Biol. Chem. 273 6603-6606. 

Griac, P., 1997, Regulation of yeast phospholipid biosynthetic genes in phosphatidylserine decarboxylase mutants. J. Bacteriol. 179 5843-5848. 

Letts, VA., and Henry, S.A., 1985, Regulation of phospholipid synthesis in phosphatidylserine synthase-deficient (chol) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 163 560-567. 

The simplest topic covered in this chapter is that of choline, a compound with a 2-carbon backbone, which occurs in the diet and in the body mainly in the form of the structural lipid phosphatidylcholine. Choline is an issue in the metabolism of other lipids, namely, of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanola-mine, and sphingomyelin. Phosphatidylino-sitol is a lipid that has received enormous attention from cell biologists because of its role in transmitting signals within the cell. Sphingomyelin is a structmal lipid in the plasma membrane, but it has received increased attention because of its role in regulating the growth, differentiation, and death of cells. 

Mosior M, Golini ES, Epand RM. Chemical specificity and physical properties of the lipid bilayer in the regulation of protein kinase C by anionic phospholipids evidence for the lack of a specific binding site for phosphatidylserine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 1907-1912. 

Balasubramanian, K., Miriukjoo, B., Schroit, A.J. (2007) Regulated externalization of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface implications for apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 18357-18364. 

Kelley, M.J., Badis, A.M., Henry, S.A. and Carman, G.M. (1988) Regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by inositol. Inositol is an inhibitor of phosphatidylserine synthase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18078-18085. 

A number of the products of the decarboxylation of amino acids are important as neurotransmitters and hormones—5-hydroxytryptamine, the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, and histamine and 7-aminobutyrate (GABA)—and as the diamines and polyamines involved in the regulation of DNA metabolism. The decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine to phosphatidylethanola-mine is important in phospholipid metabolism. 

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