Regulated upon activation, normal T cell

Bums JM, Lewis GK, DeVico AL. Soluble complexes of regulated upon activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) and glycosaminoglycans suppress HIV-1 infection but do not induce Ca2+ signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999 96(25) 14499-14504. 

RANTES (Regulated upon Activation Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) is a member of the C-C chemokine subfamily. The RANTES protein is composed of 91 amino acids, including a 23 amino acid leader sequence... 

Moreover GSH concentration indirectly controls a host of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kB and AP-1, modulates the genes for pro-inflammatory mediators as well as protective antioxidant genes such as y-GCS, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. Also TNF-a, p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase-mediated RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted ) production is redox regulated [24]. The role of RANTES in the inflammatory and allergic response has been recently elucidated [25], indicating a role of intracellular GSH also in this particular field of inflammation. 

Fig. 1 Proposed homeostatic regulation of inflammation in effective host defence. The initial phase of inflammation is initiated by a host of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids which subsequently become diminished with time, and are coupled with the likely activation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators, including the lipoxins, resolvins and protectins. Typically, IL 13 up-regulates 15-LO gene expression of human blood monocytes for example (Nassar et al. 1994). The associated increase in enzyme activity results in an increase in LX generation which promotes the resolution phase of inflammation. IL, interleukin TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor-a MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted TGF i, transforming growth factor...

RANTES regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted... 

Regulated upon activation normal T cell express sequence... 

Until 3 yr ago, only a dozen or so chemokines were known. It was clear then that IL-8 and related CXC chemokines were primarily active on neutrophils, whereas the CC chemokines, including MIP-la, MIP-ip, MCP-1 and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), were active on various subpopulations of mononuclear cells as well as granulocytes other than neutrophils. In addition, the first CC chemokines were shown to have some selectivity towards different subsets of leukocytes, e.g., RANTES for monocytes, memory T cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells and dendritic cells, whereas the activity of MIP-ip appeared more restricted to monocytes, T cells, NK cells, and hematopoietic progenitors. Other CC chemokines appear highly specific, for instance, eotaxin, which only appears to be a chemoattractant for eosinophils. 

Abbreviations MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein DC, dendritic cells RANTES, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted NK, natural killer. 

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