Refractory metals indium

Aqueous Electrodeposition. The theory of electro deposition is well known (see Electroplating). Of the numerous metals used in electro deposition, only 10 have been reduced to large-scale commercial practice. The most commonly plated metals are chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, rhodium, silver, cadmium, tin, and gold, followed by the less frequendy plated metals iron, cesium, platinum, and palladium, and the infrequendy plated metals indium, mthenium, and rhenium. Of these, only platinum, rhodium, iddium, and rhenium are refractory. 

Indium. Although refractory metals are mentioned in P CAM 173, it is doubtful that wet ashing with nitric will solubilize noble metals. 

Trace determinations in different metal bases (e.g. lead, gallium and indium) can make use of pre-concentration based on a partial dissolution of the matrix (see Ref. [318]). Refractory metals such as molybdenum, niobium, tungsten and tantalum... 

Trace determinations in different metal bases (e.g., lead, gallium, and indium) can make use of pre-concentration based on a partial dissolution of the matrix (see Ref [367]). Refractory metals such as molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, and tantalum powders are definitely difficult to dissolve or to keep in solution and require trace matrix separations to achieve a reliable volatilization of the analytes, e.g. in graphite furnace AAS. Here, slurry sampling electrothermal AAS, as has been extensively investigated for these matrices by Krivan et al. (see, e.g.. Refs. [227, 343, 344]), is a worthwhile alternative, especially as contamination is prevented and calibration by addition of aqueous aliquots of the analytes is often possible. 

After being plated out into the sump water, the volatile fission product species (such as CsOH, Csl, CsBOa) which had been carried on the surfaces of the low-volatility aerosol materials, will be readily dissolved in the water to form the respective ions. The same is true for the iodides of cadmium and indium, which might have been formed within the primary system. Dissolved iodide can undergo different chemical reactions which are able to change its valency state these reactions will be discussed in Section 7.3.3.3. The refractory-oxide and metallic components of the aerosol particles are mainly water-insoluble and, as far as they are transported to the sump water, remain as suspended solids in the water phase. 

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