Reference dose nerve agents

Development of nerve agent-specific reference dose estimates is critical to remediation and restoration at existing and closing military sites, which is a priority activity for... 

NERVE AGENT Route of admin. OXIME Dose (umol/kq) Route of admin. Atropine dose Route of admin. Species Protective ratio Reference... 

It is common practice for toxicologists to differentiate exposure to chemicals based on the dose and the duration of exposure. Lour timeframes have been used to define duration of exposures acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic. It is useful in light of today s interest in long-term, low-levef exposures to clarify these terms. Acute exposure is defined as exposure to a chemical for less than 24 h. Subacute exposure refers to an exposure of 1 month or less, subchronic for 1 to 3 months, and chronic for more than 3 months. These exposures can be by any route for most chemicals it is the oral route with the chemical given in the diet. However, the limited animal studies using nerve agents have usually employed parenteral administration... 

Methods used to derive oral reference doses for chemical warfare agents follow standard EPA protocols (EPA, 1989 Dourson, 1994), employ appropriate toxicological data, and have undergone review for consistency by the NRC (Bakshi et al, 2000 Opresko et al, 1998, 2001), Because the EPA has nt)t officially verified the derived values for nerve agents, they are identified and referenced as estimated RfDs (RfD ). 

TABLE 9.6 Estimated Reference Doses (RfDe), RfD Uncertainty Factors, and Health-Based Environmental Screening Levels for Nerve Agents... 

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